Tuesday, April 24, 2012

Minute the Inscriptions on the bronze

Zongzhou minutes in the inscriptions, Zhou Wang inspection of King Wen, King Wu to open up the territory, the southern (reported breeding) mutiny rebellion, this time) (sub-Zhou Wang to give a severe blow, scissors cutting its cities in the West Zhou Dynasty, "province" of single words not "province" there are many, such as: [Wang] Province, Wu Wang, Cheng Wang cutting (lowly) birth of the East country) ((vulgar. "should Utensil", "integration") 4320 CD Wang make palace attacked the anti-Tiger parties of the year (life) the king to make the first province of southern string) (consistent line, (set (ranks.)) ("the tripod", "integration") 2751 king of a large province Gongzu in G (Tang) vibration trip. "goblet", Heritage Spring and Autumn 2009 5 study and explore the province of East or (State) (State), Wang Zhaonan or the "Province, Wenwu Jin (" integration ") in 4302 inscriptions for device by the Zhou king raised him, "Hugh Young emperor Pixian but still called the father. bronzewith high proportion of tin was used to cast the blade that in turn covers the edge.
 Wu good King "King", "prove that King Zhou acquiescence to the phenomenon of alien king, barbarians Rong and Di in a great deal on an equal footing with the Zhou Dynasty, but even so, when the barbarians Rong and Di is still not buy the Zhou Dynasty, the Zhou Dynasty had to use military means sanctions they Hunting of the conquest of nature by force, the use of the expedition of King Zhou is the most powerful wrist to the Western Zhou Dynasty in the late Zhou dynasty barbarians Rong and Di's squeeze increases, leading to continue the rebellion of these aliens. "Mu when, Rong and Di tribute, Nai expedition Quanrong by its five four white deer, but also have four White Wolf, WANG Sui moved Rong in Taiyuan. Yi Wang weak, not towards the shortage of clothing, Nai Ming Guo public rate of six army to attack the Rong of Taiyuan, The Yu Quan, was the horse one thousand. no way Li Wang. The findings demonstrate that Chinese workers were excellent at producing bronze.
Rong and Di Kou sweep is the dog mound, killing the family of Qin Zhong Wang Ming cutting Rong, her inability to Zhou Wang to send a senior official counter-insurgency, or expedition, but the current situation is intensified to Xuan Wang times, to make Qinzhong cutting Rong Rong killed the king laid off, "Ben Bing Fa the Taiyuan Rong, can not" five years after, the king of cutting Rong Rong, Wang Shih-defeat "Wangzheng Shen Rong," broken "(" Book of the Later Han Xiqiang Biography,) can be described as the dog has his day. The research also brings to light the superb skills of bronze.  "promiscuous and You Wang, Shii cross-invasion" ("Book of the Later Han Dong Yi Chuan, Zhou dynasty has been over and over smoke signals. Jin Hou Suqing copper bells reflected Li the reign of King emperor week to cope with the turbulent political situation in the East China made all the struggle. inscriptions, Zhou Li Wang Lao Shi expedition, the final week of Gu Gong "Su)."
Zuo Johnson Marquis of Jin soldiers one at only capture (places Yi Xi public any, shall be in 21 years "sentence": places, Zhuan Yu, wind surname, in fact, Secretary large) with the economy of worship (Matthew serve Zhu Xia. Both of chinese bronze were applied by workers in ancient Wu and Yue. "Places for wind surname ancestor for too, too, the Department of Dongyi ancestor of places in the literature is insignificant tiny state, so the power of the Zhou Li Wang and the Marquis of Jin Su Fei, indicating that this battle is extraordinary important. (places razed, East countries, in addition to Su) in the late Western Zhou Huaiyi and waterway serious intrusion Gui integration "division (4313 cloud: Huaiyi Yao)) (old minister, now dare to Bo) (thin Jue public Workers officials, anti-Jue (trace I East countries. Smith Gui Dover), "says: together the waterway, Tiger Qi Yi (state barbarians do not fold," Lu Zhou) wide cutting East country.

Monday, April 23, 2012

Brilliant History and Culture of the bronze

Witness the bronze, I brilliant history and culture; bronze witnessed, Tsing Yi curl long hair Rupu, a beautiful woman hands playing music music draped tulle; bronze witnessed the war-torn era of people's tears cheek and peace and prosperity, people's faces. Bronze witnessed so much, let me to witness the bronze bar. Came to the museum, first of all I visited the ancient bronze instrument. The bronze is made with three semi-circular large ears corresponding to the three feet. Workmanship delicate bronze musical instrument stand up to years of erosion becomes worn, in fact, is a bronze instrument, but also a few people can withstand years of tough training? Although the old piano, but I especially can imagine the look of the masters of the piano playing it. So elegant bronze musical instruments, and her owner must be very beautiful.
Dressed in light green veil, rubbing and right beside the flowers and trees, play in a small pavilion; breeze caresses, indescribable beauty; its song is melodious, but with a bit lazy ; elegant song, but with blowing fresh; song like the lily, elegant; song like roses, enchanting and beautiful; see these circumstances I do not know how many heroes can make impressed; sweet sounds still ringing in the elegant woman forever. I do not want to watch it after the death of the ancient corpses riddled like, I think they're certainly not willing to. There are also animal mask in relief engraved on the feet of the bronze.
A percussion instrument of China's ancient bronze bells, cast in bronze by the size oblate bell is arranged in accordance with the order of the pitch, hanging shelves in a huge bell, T-shaped wooden hammer and elongated of the rod, respectively, beating the bronze bell, and send different music, the tone of each bell, in accordance with sound spectrum of the beat, beautiful melodies can be played. Lead a group of high and low tone bronze bell hung on the gallows, to play music with a small mallet to beat. This special bronze is significant material to learn the distribution of the people in early Zhou and their bronze casting technique.
As early as the Shang Dynasty 3,500 years ago, China had bronze bells, but then the bronze bells are more than a set of three. Later, with the development of the times, the number of each set of bronze bells are also increasing. The ancient bronze bells used for the playing of the court, in civil rarely spread during the campaign, may appear before or worship, should play the bronze bells. In ancient China, the bronze bells upper class instrument, level and a symbol of authority. In modern times, China Yunnan, Shanxi and Hubei and other places of the tombs of the ancient princely aristocracy, who has unearthed many ancient bronze bells. This bronze is simple and honest in modeling and vivid in shape and weird and solemn in decorations. One of the most striking is found in Hubei with the county tomb of Marquis Yi of bronze bells.
 This set of bronze bells exquisite technology, the range of five octaves, scale structure close to the modern C major 7 Sound. In addition, the bronze bells also marked with the inscription and Temperament more than 2800 words, recording the many musical terms, shows the advanced level of musical culture of ancient China. Marquis Yi of bronze bells is the largest number of Chinese unearthed the largest, well preserved bronze bells, known as the miracle in the history of human culture. Bronze bells music is crisp and bright, melodious, can play the same melody singing another song bell known. The following are the reasons for the evolution of bronze dragon.

Explore the Decoration between Iron and bronze

The liquid aluminum alloy can easily absorb hydrogen, in the subsequent cooling process, due to lower solubility of hydrogen in liquid aluminum alloy, the precipitation of supersaturated hydrogen will bubble forms, the formation of pores in aluminum alloy castings . The main content of this bronze is about reign of Emperor Xiaowang of the Western Zhou II. Aluminum alloy for a wide range of crystallization temperature, the primary crystal tree will allow the remaining liquid separated into many small liquid, when these small liquid zone solidification shrinkage, the formation of a certain degree of vacuum gap, small gap for the precipitation of hydrogen create the conditions, and thus the formation of pinholes in these parts, so that the air tightness of the castings reduce mechanical performance.
 Refining methods to reduce the aluminum oxide and inhale, often melting into the melting crucible plus KCl, NaCl and other salts, solvents, and liquid aluminum alloy cover, so that the furnace gas isolation. In order to exclude inhalation of gas, refinery should normally be ahead of the liquid aluminum alloy before pouring. Refining method, commonly used method of ventilation, chloride Refining or vacuum method. Chunhua ding, a cooking bronze is a cultural relic of the Western Zhou Dynasty. Venting two categories, one leads to not aluminum chemical reaction of gases such as nitrogen or inert gas. When nitrogen bubbles form of floating in the liquid aluminum alloy, the hydrogen in liquid aluminum alloy can be with the bubbles bring out. The same time, during ascent, the bubbles will absorb some solid inclusions, so that it floats to the surface was clear.
Other pass into the aluminum alloy liquid chemical such as chlorine gas. The following reaction: 3Cl2 + 2Al = 2AlCl3 Cl2 + H2 = 2HCl by AlCl3 and HCl in the melting conditions is gas in the float process, the liquid aluminum alloy gas and solid inclusions brought out. Through chlorine refining effect, low cost, only toxic chlorine, should be used under the conditions of good ventilation, safety precautions. It is the largest and most important round tripod among the bronze dings of Western Zhou. chloride refining (Hexachloroethane CCl4, ZnCl2, of MnCl2) is the most common is the use of hexachloroethane (of Hexachloroethane) refining. Aluminum alloy baked Hexachloroethane use Bell to join aluminum alloy liquid Hexachloroethane and aluminum to the following reaction: 3 Hexachloroethane + 2Al = 3 C2Cl4 +2 by AlCl3 reaction product of C2Cl4 and AlCl3 are gases, they are in the float process, in the aluminum alloy liquid gas (H2) and inclusions (Al2O3), together with the liquid to be removed.
Hexachloroethane not suction points, easy to save, easy to use, and the refining effect, but it is case of thermal decomposition Cl2 and C2Cl4, the formation of the furnace gas to have a strong irritant. Therefore, in poorly ventilated workshops, irritating little less refining effect of ZnCl2 to refine. 3) vacuum treatment method in a vacuum furnace melting and pouring the liquid alloy, and the atmosphere completely isolated from the oxidation and inhale would not have happened. Good, after the release of the ladle in a vacuum secret chamber a few minutes in the ordinary crucible induction furnace melting aluminum alloy liquid gas in a vacuum under the action of automatic escape, to achieve. Refining is completed, they should immediately pouring. the melting characteristics of copper alloys and aluminum alloy, copper alloy melting, easily oxidized and inhale. Now let’s explore the relationship between the decoration of chinese bronze and original religion.

Saturday, April 21, 2012

Pottery Traditions and bronze

In front of the bronze mirror, like a dentist, "professional" to check their teeth; take advantage of people do not pay attention to sneaky in front of the bronze mirror to a small stick on the left ear and eye eyebrows. However, when it was 22 years old but bronze mirror lose interest, indifferent to the camera display. Do mirror experiments or video self-test experiment, from the original out of all of a sudden reduced to zero. The Chinese used bronze differently than in other places. Chimpanzees can play with his own shadow. A beam of light hit the chimpanzee behind the wall and India under its shadow. Chimpanzee face of the wall standing, making it see the shadows on the wall. When the lab assistant to lift a chimpanzee behind hats, chimps see the shadow, wearing a big hat.
 Chimp is very smart, it is first move the body, attempt to Quche the shadow of the hat, but soon withdrew from the shadows, seemed to suddenly realize: Oh, the shadow of the original wall is their own. The problems mirror self-recognition experiments and video experiments, humans can think out the best detection of self-consciousness approach? The answer is. Although sometimes these experiments does not apply in some animals, especially not for lack of interest in the bronze mirror, naturally does not love to decorate their own animal. The early Chinese bronze was constructed by using what has become known as the piece-mold method. But so far, humans can not think of any better way to detect whether animals have self awareness. Tips star chimpanzee Ai AI) (name "Ai" means: Love (Japanese) Gender: female birth: about 1976 Birthplace.
 Guinea forest stay in Japan time: the winter of 1977, the mission in Japan: half years old when he started at the Kyoto University Primate Research Institute to learn the language, digital date in Arabic numerals recognition and memory of prominent, is the first study to identify the figures of chimpanzees. first touch experiment with the keyboard Time: April 15, 1978. the next generation: has grown up son "step" (Ayumu) is a digital mystery, today is a rising star of the Digital Identification, and college students, PK, the students trounced it is to make mother proud and proud. dolphins, elephants leading fashion through the mirror self-recognition experiments in addition to humans and some apes. bronze was very closely associated with pottery traditions of an even earlier period.
 Recently, dolphins and elephants also been shown to self-appreciation front of the bronze mirror. Emory University scholars 2001 found the New York Aquarium, two aged 13 years old and 17-year-old bottlenose dolphin, and constantly smug in front of the bronze mirror. As a result, researchers in different parts of the dolphin body painted pattern - like tattoo the same and pretty patterns. These elegant bronze were liberally decorated by either painting or incising. Dolphins without the aid of a bronze mirror, you can not see the body pattern. results are exciting, even in the water, the dolphins will be facing the bronze mirror picture, eager to check the pattern of sudden appearance of his body, as if fashionable dress for their own delight. It seems everything has the beauty of the heart, animals, fashion of the experiment shows that dolphins may know the Dolphins are in a bronze mirror.
Dolphins according bronze mirror (Zhou Mu such as 12-year-old painting) Surprisingly, these scientists also found that the elephants will be according to the bronze mirror, one called "happy" (happy) Asian elephants in the Bronx, New York (the Bronx) Zoo, in 2006 successfully passed the mirror self- recognition experiments, which is in addition to the great apes and dolphins, the discovery of other mammals may also have self-awareness - if the mirror experiment really be able to accurately reflect the self-conscious existence of the elephant park a total of three Asian elephants One day, a giant bronze dragon instead of a wall Elephant Park elephant every day from the cage out to go through here. bronze also appeared in several unique motifs.

Friday, April 20, 2012

The Strange Divinity on the bronze

This set off again into the lining and contrasting, they are accomplished through the repeated description of the bronze weapons in the lining aspects. bronze can be found in many ancient civilizations. It is mainly through the description of the Liangshan heroes clever use of bronze weapons, such as Chapters 69, focus on write no Yu Jian Zhang Qingshan flying stone hit the ability that he has not on Liangshan occupied before the face of many Liangshanpo prowess of the heroes of the challenge, he calmly, even throwing a flying stone, a series of fifteen wounded Ning, Han Tao, Xuan Zan, Hu Yanzhuo, FUJIAN AGRICULTURE, Lu Zhishen superior martial arts Liangshan heroes. public enemy, "with a stone and the Zhujiang gall bladder cleft heart mourning men, which Wal gone, but also express a high strength Zhangqing Wu Yi are lining the description.
 Lu Zhishen body description of the more prominent only in the fifth round of direct reference to the Buddhist monk's staff more than 20 times, tan statistical and comment for the end of the new playing Buddhist monk's staff had an excellent write, therefore Cipian, readers are advised to stay the eye. Diba Hui, the author has even Buddhist monk's staff to write was superb. legitimate escort Lin Gongren Xue hands up Shui Huogun Wang Lin's head will pixia, "Lin's life once, evening. You can find many kinds of bronze antiques in museums such as bronze, bronze vases, bronze jewelry, bronze horses, and bronze weapons.  I saw" an iron Buddhist monk's staff to fly the future, this Shuihuo Gun separated and lost to the winds, to jump out of a fat monk "can be described as no, its first reflected in its bronze weapons, which makes the novel language with strange changes, the thrilling sense of enhanced plot sense of suspense and adventure, thus Jin Shengtan said: "write Zhishen in Buddhist monk's staff on excellent examples like this back to the eighteenth.
 Lin fights" Lun " kicked the table only on one side, grab up under the skirts, the lot fell to a shining knife, fire Rolling if the magazine Li Zhuowu, To this end, commented, "people knife all live, tan commented : "I write, I write knife Danjue knife all live. in contrast, written more for the twenty-second back to Jing Yang Gang Wu Song Fights the Tiger" of repeatedly wrote the Shaobang Wu, according to, tan statistics 19 times to make the reader think that the Wu case of the tiger will rely Shaobang self-defense, however angry when Wu handed picked up Shaobang exhaustion level of pixiang pouncing hanging eye White-fronted tiger, only to hear a sound, rustled the tree with sticks, leaves and split face beat down "the original Wu hustling Shaobang to play in the dead tree on Shaobang broken into two parts. worth of helpless. The early bronze in China was a knife discovered in Gansu Province.
Wu had to bare hands and the ferocious hanging eye white-fronted tiger life and death struggle, "lift the hammer like the size of a fist, the best level angry force, seeking only to play" After a bitter struggle, and finally, in and killed the Tigers. , tan, commented: "half-day diligence to write Shaobang Road, just battle it Tiger, this suddenly expelled, startling Jinkou dare not repeat down. folded Shaobang, side show to hand Tiger strange divinity. Taotie was one of the most popular motifs for the bronze dragon during that time. just readers heart gall fallen men. Shengtan 'comments, that he quickly discovered that the author is with the discount Shaobang to contrasting the behavior of the Wu bare Tiger bravery, adventure and real. Indeed, from the works plot description shows that the hand Wu fought the Tigers behavior was not of his intention to move, but a last resort. dare alone night raid Tigers haunt Jing Yang Gang, one due to drunk bold, two due to the hands of have Shaobang of body precisely because the Shaobang inadvertently interrupted, forcing him to hand fighting tiger.

Bronze as Burial Objects

To make a broadsword, known as the sword Guan Sheng Hu Yanzhuo for Song, the early the Hedong name Hu Yanzan Dipai children and grandchildren ... the two copper whip ten thousand irregularities of courage "view from the two used bronze weapons are visible, the legacy of their ancestors. many and nicknamed the name of the Liangshan heroes and to the bronze weapons, in addition to the previously mentioned sword Guan Sheng, whip Hu Yanzhuo, Lethal Lei Lingzhen the outside, there Shuangqiang Jiang Dong Ping, no Yu Jian Zhang Qing, gold gunmen Xu Ning, surgeon ghost CAO. In addition, the small Li Guang Hua Rong, a small warm climate Lui Fong, race Rengui Guo Sheng, Yuchi SUN disease. The bronze are also exquisite works of master craftsmen.
 The small Yuchi Sun new nickname origins are held with the respective hands of bronze related to weapons, or mentioned in the ancient bronze weapons held by their respective nicknames of soldiers - 66 - the same or similar such as Huarong and the Han's Liguang as good at the bow and arrow, can be described as crack shot; Lui Fong, Guo Sheng like Lu Bu Xue Rengui the same good use Fangtianhuaji; SUN Sun brothers are the same as the Tang Dynasty star Weichigong adept at using the eye of the tiger bamboo Gangbian. Second, do the bronze weapons and characters, the basic unity of temper, people bronze weapons from the shape, pattern, severity, size, personality, temper the use of weapons can be extrapolated figures. Some bronze were utilized by their owners in their lifetime.
 Man impatient, daring dares, nicknamed the vanguard of cable like a two-edged gold dipped ax; brash. Thunderbolt Qin sexually intense fire, like a mace. fine extraordinary, brave and resourceful the Sau like hidden dagger; blackened, strong as an ox, Li Kui irascible, reckless behavior, is suitable for a pair of tricks in this character, and their appearance often is: "a black stern Han dynasty, hand Rolling Axes, Sheng thundering attack; wish Chuang, Li Kui" stripped naked, play two folders steel tricks, fire Lara to kill forward to "Li Kui's tricks almost become that the identity card of personality, no wonder that even Li Gui posing as Li Kui must waving two tricks in the sixty-sixth gyrus Li Kui Ling states met the nickname did not face hero coke very Jiao Ting said they did not believe the front of the man-made Li Kui, Li Kui repeatedly said "you do not believe, but only I recently put tricks. visible Li Kui the big tricks as from own signs, ID cards. Other bronze served as ritual vessels for offering sacrifices or during feasts.
Be proud of and proud. thus Jin Shengtan commented: "Wen Li Kui, and even smell their tricks; Li Kui self-confidence and even self-confidence tricks, written obviously in [3] Lu Zhishen incomparable force, pull down the vertical Yang, Guchang a weight of 62 pounds of water mill Buddhist monk's staff, more and more show off Lu Zhishen brawn extraordinary physical prowess, and thus of the second time and third time's not yesterday's poem praised: "The Buddhist monk's staff to open a dangerous road", "laugh play Buddhist monk's staff, world war heroes. Furthermore, from the point of view the use of bronze weapons posture, moves, can also reflect the character out of material as the first time: coach Wang private take the Yan'an Prefecture, nine patterns in a row historian village nine patterns in history into never and 800,000 imperial guards in the East. The later chinese bronze were made expressly as burial objects.

Thursday, April 19, 2012

The Most Beautiful bronze

Mysterious symbol of the pattern Bashu copper bronze sword decoration is very unique. Often at the base of its bronze blade engraved the pictographic pattern, common tiger, hand lines, flower pedicle pattern, Bird, cicada patterns and so on, and many other abstract symbols do not know. These Patterns meet will not only found in the copper-bronze sword, is also widely seen in the Ba and Shu areas unearthed bronze weapons, such as Ge, spear, ax, etc.; not only have a single symbol, there are a variety of combinations. A great deal of bronze exquisite beyond compare was discovered.  According to the statistics of some researchers, the Prachuab bronze weapons on the pattern symbol dozens of categories, the group number change is more complicated, probably hundreds.
They are certainly not just the decoration of the form should also contain some deep meaning, is still unable to crack, and speculated that it might clan symbol or totem sign, or has the symbolic meaning of the auspicious gods? Some scholars think that they may have the function of the text, it is also known Prachuab Xhosa. In addition, I copper bronze sword, the body of surface often casting the formation of rough markings throughout all see from the shape of a tiger-shaped, semi-circular, oblique prism, and three flower-shaped, touch uneven, multi- showed a dark color or oil green or rust. This bronze is consisted of a zun and a pan. Previously, some research scholars of the ancient bronze swords have noticed, the world bronze sword of some ancient peoples, the control table often fine roughness patterns, hard and has a good anti-rust, or so-called "rough tread. Stripes of the Prachuab copper matte bronze sword, may also have this effect.
Southwest early off in the week cultural area was popular a flat stem willow-shaped copper short bronze sword. Is not difficult to see, I believe is extremely similar to the Warring States period the Prachuab copper bronze sword that (including the loading handle) and the beginning of the week flat stem willow-shaped short bronze sword. Therefore, researchers generally believe that, the Prachuab copper bronze sword from the Guanzhong region, its ancestor is the beginning of the week flat stem willow-shaped bronze sword, passed in the Ba and Shu areas, development in the Warring States Period, bronze weapons with unique ethnic style thus shape changes: If I type bronze sword of bronze blade longer, or even a long bronze sword; decorated with peculiar pattern symbols, bronze swords surface casting a unique matte stripes; stem perforation skew in the ridge line. The bronze is known as zun pan of Marquis Yi of Zeng.
 In contrast, small changes in the II-shaped bronze sword, divided by Prachuab pattern decoration outside, and almost exactly the same with willow-shaped bronze sword the beginning of the week, even with the shape of the copper bronze scabbard is also somewhat similar. "Book of Mushi records, cutting provider of Yin the end of King Wu of Zhou," Yong Shu, Qiang, mane, micro, Lu Peng, Pu "Tribes are allies. It is the most beautiful and complicated bronze of the Spring and Autumn period and Warring States.  "Huayang Ba Chi" said Zhou King Wu, and actually gets the Ba division. It is said that the Palestinian division Yong Rui, dance to the Ling Yin Dynasty. Weekly visible in the business end, the Pakistani family and family Sichuan and Zhou People in close contact, the Zhou people accustomed to using a copper bronze dragon into the Ba and Shu areas is possible.