Bronze Depending on the Main Lines

There is also a animal patterns mirror class, round, round, button, radio button seat, mirror button Heavy occupy the center of a very prominent position, the mirror back to the animal pattern as the main pattern, depending on the main lines, divided into the dragon two kinds of mirrors and dragon mirror. The characteristics of the bronze mirror of the Southern and Northern Dynasties: continue to be subject to the Han Dynasty mirror, but the type of focus on a narrow range of innovative, north-south difference of the bronze mirror has expanded, there are three categories: Three Kingdoms popular animal patterns mirror class, this period continue to be popular, especially in casting statues of wild animal mirror more popular, this type of mirror-ming often the same period dating inscriptions, such as Taikang three years, Tai Hong four years Xiankang three years Taihe first year, Jianwu five years. Chinese bronze was represented by the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties.
 Second, the deformation of four-leaf pattern mirror class, continue to be popular in this period, unearthed a large number of common deformation of the four-leaf phoenix mirror of Wei and Jin Dynasties, deformation Four Leaf beast first pattern mirror, the deformation of the four-leaf Buddha Mirror, inscriptions : "to Three". Characterized by rich categories, large number and extensive distribution, the bronze is magnificent in shape, exquisite in decoration. Third, the deformation of the mirror class of animal pattern, the more popular and evolved by the animal mirror of the Restatement of the Three Kingdoms period, only the main grain area around the rotating segmented mirror button, the formation of the deformation box, built-in animal pattern. Fourth, even the arc pattern mirror Excellencies pairs of dragons and other bronze mirror, the more popular during this period.
Long-term flourishing and prosperity of the Han Dynasty, Three Kingdoms, Northern and Southern Dynasties, due to the negative impact of war on the economy, the bronze mirror was weak, and Han have different characteristics of the times. Just name some of the famous bronze like the Gou Jian sword, two sheep zun, Da Ke Ding, Maogong Ding. At this point, the bronze mirror mirror button oblate shape larger, occupy the center of the mirror back, very prominent, obvious features of this period bronze mirrors. Secondly, many bronze mirror decoration was flat and symmetrical shape, like paper-cut like this form of decoration patterns, the Eastern Han Dynasty has been a popular, but very structured, this period is rough, not very structured, tends to decline.
Sui mirror features: round, animal patterns in the decoration, mostly for high-relief style, and with inscriptions, inscriptions change the Han Dynasty, since pray Shengxian, official Gods customs, and At that time, the popular Poetry and Rhapsody as a mirror Ming, expressions vivid and beautiful, full of life, books are regular script of writing correct. Sui mirror followed the Han tradition, mostly round (only a few square) in shape, decoration, pattern decoration distinguish the configuration, layout, strict binding common rules configuration and a button outside the big box, Shi Di, pattern, or Pente pattern button seat, theme the ornamentation to supernatural Ruishou for live, the circle with inscriptions and Shin Chung of Good Prayers Zhenxiang inscriptions more. What’s more, the caster of various types of bronze would base on different hardness.
Sui end of the Northern and Southern division of the country's unity, and the implementation of a series of new policies, the development of productive forces of relative prosperity, social stability, the bronze mirror casting industry innovation and development, this time, craft and decoration With positive changes, with new content, with strong characteristics of the times. They will produce the bronze of good quality. The characteristics of the Tang Dynasty bronze mirror: the Tang Dynasty, Chinese feudal society to a grand unification of multi-ethnic, socio-economic and cultural prosperity and development, the rapid growth of handicraft, an unprecedented flourishing of the bronze mirror casting industry.

Dominant Motif of the bronze

A Brief Discussion popular evolution of the bronze mirror of each period. Spring and Autumn Period bronze mirror popular evolution of: Spring and Autumn and Warring States bronze mirror technology for its colorful decoration, exquisite dexterity the form of fine caster, a Chinese bronze mirror in the history of the first peak. It can be termed as the treasure of the bronze of Wu and designated as a national collection. Spring and Autumn in the late early Warring States period. Prime mirror class-based, popular vegan mirror and a single ring, double ring convex Xianwen mirror. Style carvings in the class of multi-button mirror and a special craft mirror also became popular, In addition, the pure pattern mirror, feathery pattern to pattern leaf pattern mirrors and decorations, Mountain word tubby hill line mirror.
The Warring States Period, a wide range of varied ornamentation, there has been Yunlei Wen mosaic mirror, and the eight-leaf pattern mirror. Four Hills pattern mirrors the auxiliary decoration harassment, Mountain word changed the thin, and the emergence of the five mountain patterns mirror the Six Mountains pattern mirror, a new emergence of folding Ling pattern mirror class Pan Chi pattern mirrors the class, even arc lines mirror class and special process painted mirror, mirror with gold and silver mirror. Wild animal in the animal pattern in the mirror, the taotie mirror appeared in large numbers. bronze has a long history in China.
 The late Warring States period, four leaf patterns mirror Pan Chi Chi Pan diamond-shaped mirror and a three-tier pattern Yunlei Wen to Pan Chi Bronze Mirror with Arc. Pan Chi pattern mirrors the class most of the land lines blurred. Animal class in the mirror, dragon mirror, phoenix mirror in the mirror of the Hill herringbone three mountain pattern mirror, the class of prime mirror a multi-ring Xianwen prime mirror and wide Xianwen prime mirror, the mirror body to increase the special process. The bronze made great conurbations to the splendid ancient civilization.  The mirror is more mature. The use of the bronze mirror of the display of archaeological materials in recent years, the three-stringed lute-button prime mirror, Xianwen mirror, feather pattern to four-leaf pattern mirror Yunlei Wen four-leaf pattern, mirror, folding Linghua Phoenix Bird microscopy followed should always to the Qin and Han dynasties, the follow nature.
 The Western Han Dynasty bronze mirror has gone through three stages: the early Western Han bronze mirror of the Warring States period, continue to be popular. Such as four mountain Mirror, Pan Chi pattern mirror, etc., and have the style of the Chu-style mirror. But similar bronze mirror compared with similar mirror in the Warring States Period, rough, especially to grain cast do not quite finishing, with arc design is not very regular. The impressive Si Mu Wu Ding and the exquisite Four Sheep Square Zun are the great masterpieces of bronze. Before and after the rule of the Han Emperor Wu Han dynasty political and economic prosperity and development of the bronze mirror also has new features: first, the basic point of a quarter of the theme of ornamentation layout with four milk. Second, to highlight the main lines, ground lines gradually disappear. Third, theme decoration is simple, simple structure pattern.
 Fourth, the inscriptions on the mirror a large number of inscriptions have gradually become an important part of the decoration theme of the mirror back. Fifth, the the semicircle ball button gradually dominant motif of the mirror button layout for the center surround. Sixth, the mirror edge is the main hormone wide margin. Only the Chinese have given the bronze essential social significance, profound spiritual meaning. The late Western Han Dynasty, the theme of the mirror back ornament appeared the man of God, animal patterns, rules, patterns and other new forms. The four gods, animals, birds, decoration shape tend to visualize the trend of realistic style, colorful inscriptions, flexible arrangement, and began dating inscriptions mirror. The main decoration is beautiful, and began to focus on the edge of the bronze mirror decoration, mostly incomplete two-wire folded corrugated, changing the form of pre-edge of how wide prime.

Bronze Displays a True Artistic Charm

To get rid of the aristocracy dedicated label began to display a true artistic charm. (b) bronze mirror decorated and pray functionality Chinese bronze mirror, only be retained for thousands of years as the real goods of daily life, able to witness the changes of the vicissitudes of dynastic history the origin of the bronze mirror is filled with water Kam Yung, the transition to bronze mirror Kam Yung, decorated capacity face to face "is its main function, the bronze mirror generated from the beginning due to its special materials and processes, its function is not confined to Kam Yung. the application of a bronze mirror decorated function vector of the earliest unearthed bronze mirror, Qijia culture of the bronze mirror unearthed in 1975 (see Figure 1-002). We can get some knowledge of the painting achievements by means of the patterns on the bronze to some extent.
 The cited in the DU lodged in loose: 'Ancient bronze mirror of civilization ", the seventh national visions of civil collecting culture high-level ( Hubei to help lfi 1) Forum on 2007 Shandong University Master's degree thesis of 8.9 cm in diameter, 0.3 cm thick, with two pear-shaped holes in its edge, grind a groove in the hole, apparently often worn as jewelry in order to formation and has been tested this side of the bronze mirror the proportion of copper and tin l: 0.096 The tin content is very low, difficult to clean Kam people, can be seen, which was the late primitive society bronze the use of mirror is probably more emphasis on its decorative features. This is one significant feature of the bronze in the Warring States.
Unearthed over the years all kinds of bronze mirror, a small bronze mirror (size less than lO cm) bronze mirror, generally are decorative features than the fact, face to face function. wearing styles from the point of view, generally at the waist with a rope perforation Department asked, also hanging in the neck, early prime tread mirror, and later all kinds of auspicious decoration bronze mirror. "Zuo? given to the public six "book" set fruit Kam, "said the Western Jin Dynasty scholar Du Yu Notes: paddle with a mirror for decoration also now the Western Qianghu Utah contingent, ancient heritage service also" this text shows that from the Warring States period to the Western Jin Dynasty. The bronze can be used to enjoy as the painting artworks, such as the ones picturing the wars, hunting, and feast.
 People have been paid great attention to the decorative features of the bronze mirror was common wear mirror decoration customs. more than used for the decoration of the person, bronze mirrors used in the decoration of the building in the Tang Dynasty, this phenomenon is particularly developed typical example is the built in the treasure calendar year (AD 825), clear thinking, Chang'an Temple, historical records of the Tang Jingzong Qing Si temple new temple construction cost of three thousand bronze mirror (or "copper mirror three thousand pounds "), a thin gold and silver one hundred thousand. Today, clear thinking temple ruins in Xi'an, indeed unearthed a lot of bronze mirror pieces and gilt bronze decorative pieces when a large number of display of the Tang Dynasty temples bronze mirror. Besides, animal statues and human bronze cast by copper also turned up, which tied countless with the bronze now.
 both for the support, and decorative bronze mirror decorated building, the Tang Dynasty era of the most outstanding, and the decorative bronze mirror to all kinds of special arts and crafts mirror, then, face to face of the bronze mirror function has completely given way to a decorative function in all kinds of folk customs, there are also many phenomena of glasses decorated the ancient East Asia had prevailed shamanism, shamanism, shamans practices, wearing wear bronze mirror, retaining the first mirror Mazu belief of the South China coast, the ceremony of the care center mirror, retaining the back mirror sect spread in ethnic minority areas is extremely broad and long, there are still a small number of people believe in Shamanism and hold all kinds of ceremony on a regular basis so far in China's northeast. Yet the bronze in the early Warring States is characteristic of natural evolution and times.

Yuan Dynasty and the bronze

The Jin Dynasty and Southern Song regime confrontation in the production of bronze mirrors have sprung up everywhere, although the works of many of Tang mirror, but there are also innovative content, formed its own unique characteristics. The bronze during this period is characterized by various shapes and involve a lot of categories like the decorative art and handicraft. Bronze mirror of the epidemic can be divided into nine categories: Pisces mirror, dragon mirror, pairs of goggles, auspicious mirror, daisy mirror, Dading reign money lines mirror the immortal character story mirror, sea ship mirror, plain mirror. Increasingly decline (Yuan Ming and Qing Dynasties) Yuan Dynasty founding a very short time, although since the late 13th century social and economic recovery, the production of fine gold and silver workers also have a higher level of technology has waned, but the casting of the bronze mirror casting style follow Song mirror style, subject matter in addition to the part of the plane, a large number of plain cast of characters, such as "long life and prosperity".
After the mid-Ming Dynasty, the emergence and popularity of glass, bronze mirror has lost its practical value, generally the same thing in evil, has gradually lost its artistic value. To the Qing Dynasty bronze mirror casting industry has been declining, the bronze mirror inscriptions of this period is more than "Feast with Takako auspicious terms, bronze mirror as married women with the texture of raw materials is also very rough. The looking at the Development of Chinese ancient bronze mirror, we can find various historical periods of the bronze mirror design has a distinctive characteristic of the times. The application of patterns on the bronze grew up a number of decorative techniques with regularity.  Through the side surface of the beautiful bronze mirror, not only be able to understand the evolution of the situation of China's feudal society, better able to appreciate from the high artistic standard of the Chinese bronzes, and in-depth understanding of each era craftsmen design psychology.
Chinese ancient bronze mirror function and what they mean Chinese ancient bronze mirror from the beginning of the birth, with a variety of functions, the use of objects of the gaze, ritual ceremonies, wearing decorations, ritual the instruments used, and so on ...... never a bronze can have both a continuation of a thousand years, so many features. Long course of history, thousands of years ago, the ancients did not mirror, the only Linshuei photos, to understand their own image in the water. To the Spring and Autumn Period, beginning with a special bronze water containers and face to face, called "Kam", after a long period of time, the bronze mirror is also known as copper Kam. Kam social life in ancient China occupies a very important position, or even rise to the height of the theory, "New Book of Tang? The utilization of calligraphy primarily finds expression in the inscriptions on the bronze. Weizheng Biography" records that Emperor Li Shimin had sighed: "copper as a warning, may be dressed; the ancient lesson from this, we can see the rise and fall; people Kam, advantages and disadvantages.
The truth, can be seen, the emotions of the ancient bronze mirror has not only limited to utility, also added more cultural connotation and function. During this period, the bronze was more from the feudal lords.  Therefore, research and bronze mirror represented by the functional and what it stands to be able to more in-depth understanding of the bronze mirrors of design thinking and cultural connotations. The cited in the tube-dimensional good: 'Chinese bronze mirror History, February 2006 first edition, 301. Journal of Shandong University (a) the practical function of the bronze mirror ¨ mirror from drowning? Our small ugly the Yang accounted for on behalf of the mirror and into human society drum waist of enough to set time, intentionally or the product of unintentional Yiu on piles first cattle pull "the ancient mirror study Zonglun" in Ge P, old guitar-generation system mirror the made by the origin and development of process arrangement is correct and load sets of true of History of the fact that the words.

Bronze at the End of Primitive Society

Early bronze mirror refers to the end of primitive society, summer, week, the Western Zhou Dynasty bronze mirror. Early bronze mirror was seen only in archaeological excavations unearthed, few in number, priceless treasures, compared to the early bronze mirror casting technology is poor, decoration is rustic and simple, far less vigorous, decoration is as mysterious as the period of bronze ritual objects as harassment , the number of so many that it lags behind the development of Yinzhou Qing copper ritual. Shape and function ofbronzehas been taken into considerations.  The Qijia bronze mirror Qijia culture is the local culture of the late primitive society, the upper reaches of the Yellow River, mainly in the vicinity of Gansu, Qinghai. Qijia culture has entered the Chalcolithic and the times and sporadic red-bronze and small pieces of bronze ware unearthed, dating back 4,000 years.
So far only to see both sides of the bronze mirror found in the burial of the culture. One is the prime mirror. 1975 Gansu wide river Qi Jia Ping tomb. This round, diameter of the mirror is only 6 cm, the mirror is flat, shiny, no decoration on the back of the central one arched ring button. Its period features in the ring button, with no seat, plain back, form a small fully revealed. The other is a seven-pointed star pattern mirror. Unearthed in 1976 on the 25th, Guinan County, Qinghai tomb. Round, 8.9 cm in diameter, 0.3 cm thick, weighing 109 g. Shape and function of bronze has been taken into considerations.
The mirror smooth, serious corrosion. Back button (residual) and decorated with irregular seven-pointed star geometric patterns, the angle and the angle between the line slash pattern. Mirror edge drill two small holes may replace the use of the button they deserved tether suspension. 2, the Shang Dynasty bronze mirror in summer on behalf of smelting industry of considerable size, small pieces of bronze summer ruins have been unearthed, which Erlitou Site has unearthed a 17 cm diameter, 0.5 cm thick circular copper, bronze mirror . Harmony and unity and particular care to the whole effect is also well manifested in the taotie design on the bronze. The four sides of the device 61 shaped turquoise inlay embedded twice in the middle with turquoise block cross pattern, each circle is 13, exactly like the scale of today's watches.
Unfortunately, only isolated cases. Chinese bronze mirror the history of the Shang Dynasty bronze mirror were found in five face, both from the Yin Ruins burial, that is a product of Pan Geng moved to Yin. At this time, the Yin of bronze casting has been developed. As large as hundreds of kilograms of ritual, as small as a few grams of shellfish, and arrowheads are casting beautifully dignified or sophisticated applicable. In contrast, the bronze mirror is unearthed is both less casting technology is not high. 1934, Anyang Northwest Gang Yin aristocratic tomb has been unearthed by the side of the bow-shaped buttons, decorated with a textile pattern and scales-shaped pattern of circular plate with a button ", is recognized as a bronze mirror. The appropriate selection and combination of a variety of decorations has set off the modeling of the bronze. It was found the most ancient bronze mirror, but long-standing attention has been paid. 1976, in the Yin Ruins "women" also found the tomb surrounded by bronze mirror, Yin bronze mirror that finally corroborated.
The tomb of Fu Hao is surrounded by bronze mirror decorated differences can be divided into two categories, each category of both sides. Two vein pattern mirror face. Convex mirror, mirror to back decorated with convex Xianwen three weeks, the button of arch ring, the first two weeks Xianwen slash vein pattern, a total of 16 group was divided into four districts, and the second, three weeks Xianwen between the edge of the mirror, decorated with a small nipple. Circle convex Xianwen mirror surface, the asperity of its mirror, the back decorated with convex Xianwen six weeks, Xianwen really dense row of vertical short-term, at first glance seemingly radial, in fact each Xianwen short-term and not connected. Seen by the five-sided Yin mirror, Yin mirror surface is nearly flat or convex mirror diameter of 10 cm, the button for the arch ring button, no button. The decoration makes the bronze more dignified.

Research in Cognitive Psychology and the bronze

The bronze sheep side respect the set of line engraving, relief, sculpture in the round in one device, flat decoration mastery with three-dimensional sculptures, vessels and animal shapes combined just right, made unusually superb casting process. In the Shang Dynasty bronze square statue, the dignified elegance of this device body is unmatched. This respect the modeling simple, beautiful, magnificent, apartment moving in the static. Known as "reaching the ultimate bronze paradigm". Drunk Asian Fang Zunrong wine. Let alone that quite a few bronze are used as the sacrificial vessels. The late Shang Dynasty casting. Qing old things, and now in the possession of the National Palace Museum. Original through high 45.5 cm wide, 38 cm. Large exposures, wide folded shoulders, high handle.
The shoulder Siyu four three-dimensional angle like shoulder central angle of four pairs of bifurcation Long. Choker of the banana leaf pattern, shoulder and ring-foot decorated with Bird. Abdomen with ring-foot zigzag angle animal faces, ring foot twists and turns corner carving Jackie Chan shape. Device Siyu and the centerline of each wall are equipped with edge ridge, the top luxury out of port, solemn image of the dragon statue provider device. Original device was unearthed in Funan County, Anhui Province in 1957. Only in this sense can we understand why the bronze of the Shang and Zhou bronze took the man-eating monster taotie as the decorative pattern by and large.  The device is 50.5 cm high, 44.9 cm-diameter, weighing about 20 kilograms, is a flared rim, wide folding shoulder, belly, ring foot, the shape of the higher large wine vessel from the Sheng.
The dragon statue's shoulder is decorated with a dragon, leading to three meandering forward prominent shoulder. Abdominal ornamentation for a to Steller two tiger body, a human form, under the tiger's mouth title in the jaws of death. Tiger body below the gates of edge for the industry, decorated two Kuilong the Shoumian. Ring-foot upper Xianwen, and open cross engrave Kong. The dragon statue decoration, the theme of "jaws of death the title of person". On this topic, some people think: Here, the "person" shall be slaves, "tiger's mouth title" reflects the cruelty of the slave society, terror. The taotie motif on the bronze also embodies the simple view of nature of the people of Shang.  The conventional explanation for this, some archaeologists are questioned, they think it should be in the performance of a witchcraft theme. Bronze was a very important ceremony, such decoration should be the scene of the shaman practices documentary.
 Open the jaws of death in the ancient symbol of the split between life and death profession under the jaws of death is probably the shaman, the shaman in ritual performance out of a can communicate with the world, a sense of spirits by the help of the tiger. What exactly is the meaning of the "jaws of death the title of" the pattern we can not make an accurate explanation, but at the time must be linked, and some myths and religious beliefs of great significance in the festival. Thus, they depicted, portrayed and transformed these patterns into decorations with ferocious beauty, which is the natural concept of people reflected by taotie motif on the bronze.  This statue is a square statue of the bronze four sheep in the Shang Dynasty bronze famous treasures.
Respect for the ancient Sheng wine. The copper statue, first seen in the Shang Dynasty. Owl, commonly known as an owl. In ancient times, the owl is one of the most loved and worshiped God Bird. The image of the owl is frequently used in the prototype of the ancient works of art. Shang Wang device, stone tools, pottery, bronzes, there are beautiful owl-shaped. This owl statue that is the quality of the Shang Dynasty bronzes of animals and birds shaped. 1976 owl statue unearthed in Anyang Yin Ruins tomb of Fu Hao, the original device was a pair of two cast in the late Shang Dynasty. As a sort of decoration and a pattern, taotie motif on the bronze transfers the illusory image to a simple, regular and geometric form.  The original device through the 45.9 cm high, the shape on the whole, owl heads held high. Whole body is decorated with ornamentation, the Wealthy fine. Beak, chest decoration of the cicada pattern; owl neck on both sides of the double-lines; wings on both sides decorated with serpentine; the end of the upper side statue of bronze four sheep.

How to Judge Antique bronze Mirrors?

Copper in the atmosphere, sea water and certain non-oxidizing acids (hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid), alkali, salt solution and various organic acids (acetic acid, citric acid), good corrosion resistance for the chemical industry. In addition, copper has good weldability, the cold, made of thermoplastic processing of a variety of semi-finished and finished products. In the 1970s, copper production of more than the total output of other types of copper alloy. Bronze and zinc as the main alloying element in copper alloy, and often has yellow and named. The beautiful bronze color, process and mechanical properties, electrical conductivity and high thermal conductivity, corrosion resistance in the atmosphere, freshwater and seawater, cutting and polishing, good weldability and cheap. There are ridges on the belly and the feet of the bronze. Conductivity, thermal conductivity components, corrosion resistance used in the production structure, the elastic element, household hardware and decorative materials, widely used.
In general, the cutting performance of the bronze is superior to copper (copper is easy to stick the knife); in the non-cutting, the deformation resistance of the copper smaller, easier to shape. Copper is pure copper, pure copper color is orange or red roses, but exposed in the air will be oxidized to the purple, so called copper. The inscriptions are alike in the belly and on the bronze.  Bronze is a Cu-Zn alloy, copper 80%. Hardness, but poor electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity than copper. Copper and bronze welding method; Gas welding, manual carbon arc welding, manual arc welding and manual argon arc welding copper (ie, commonly known as industrial pure copper) method, an automatic welding of large structures.
Welding copper is the most commonly used is the butt joints, lap joints and T joints to minimize use. Welding can be two types of wire, a wire containing deoxy elements, such as wire 201, 202; another purple copper and base metal cutting, the use of gas agent 301 as flux. Welding copper should be used for the neutral flame. The overall bronze looks refined and gorgeous. Manual arc welding of copper; Copper electrodes in manual arc welding of copper 107, welding core of copper (T2, T3,). The edge of the weld should be cleaned before welding. Weldment thickness greater than 4 mm before welding, preheating, preheating temperature of about 400 ~ 500 ℃. 107 electrode with copper welding, power should be used DCRP.
Should be used short-arc welding, the electrodes are not suitable for lateral oscillation. Welding rod for reciprocating linear movement can improve the forming of the weld. Long weld gradually retreat welding method. Welding speed should be faster. Multi-pass welding, must be thoroughly cleaned of slag layer. Welding should be carried out in a well ventilated place to prevent copper poisoning. Flat mallet percussion weld after welding application, eliminate stress and improve weld quality. A noble Muyang family produced this ding acting as sacrificial bronze dragon to memory Fuxin.  Manual argon arc in copper wire used in wire 201 (a special copper wire) and wire 202 is also used copper wire, such as the T2. Response to the edge of the workpiece welding and wire surface oxide film, oil, dirt must be clean to avoid porosity, slag, and other defects before welding. Clean-up methods of mechanical cleaning and chemical clean-up method.

What Has the bronze Witnessed?

The lower right of the painting, is a middle-aged lady sideways stand on the ground, wearing a wide-sleeved waist sit curly decoration robe. Pull the head back of the head a vertical bun, solemn expressions, for the top left of the dragon and phoenix together in prayer for the devout prayer like. Phoenix and dragon are proudly to the sky. The pattern of the ox-head on the bronze is clear-cut and neat. Phoenix ranks its right to occupy the upper two-thirds of the dynasty, as the main image. The Fung body bent, head of a long ribbon-shaped Coronet. Pteris curl Gao Qiao, the end of the peacock feather pattern. The biped struggling Jew Dengyun straight. The image of the phoenix is enchanting heroes. Long in its left, accounting for one-third of the upper part of the painting on silk. Image of the dragon are lively and vigorous, vigorous and bold relief. Leading to rise two to the air, the body winds through the end of the curly like to focus on swing.
 Body on each side of a foot at the same time hard up, head and Feng and Qi, Longkou, phoenix mouth to the sky, as the dragon and phoenix tight echoes together the potential of flying. Can be clearly seen from the composition of the picture: When the idea for this painting "Dragon and Phoenix lead the soul to heaven". The other as a "figure Dragon dynasty", 5 Moonrise 1973 bullet library, Changsha, Hunan Province, Chu Tomb No. 1 (1942 out of the silk manuscripts of the Chu Tomb), but also the works of the Warring States Period. A middle-aged man head Dai Gaoguan sideways on the screen holding the reins to stand in the dragon body. Long Fen first Young tail for the dragon boat-shaped. It turns out to be a bronze hard to come by.  People on the canopy like days, the dragon fish like water, the distance Tianshui color, connected to the cloud water. Long, a move worse than at any time from the Ascension of water potential.
 The theme of this painting when the same with the previous painting, and also lead the soul to heaven. " Only the former is to pray to Dragon and lead the soul to heaven, while the latter is to "dragon ascending to heaven. Only see two of Chu dynasty, dragon and phoenix theme, Dragon and lead the soul to heaven "as the theme, this is no accident. Can say for sure: The people of Chu in the art of painting, in the great dragon and phoenix, the sacred into the description of the image, ignited their respect and worship of the dragon and phoenix, better still and enterprises Hebei. The ancients of good music, the music field in the state of Chu, in many parts of the dragon and phoenix associated with, the psychological and Chu are with reverence to the lofty image of the performance of dragon and phoenix. So De produced this bronze to memory this event. First, Chu decorated with dragon and phoenix image in the instrument. Chu is fond of music, music in the Chu Sun Zuoyun Changsha Chu Tombs of the Warring States Period unearthed silk painting test, "the" Kaifeng Teachers College in May 1960. 34 Hubei Institute of Fine Arts Master's degree thesis is very popular.
 Unearthed situation, many instruments used by Chu, like bells, drums, piano, Joseph, flute, pole, etc., which is consistent with the literature. Drum Chu upper and lower general, very popular a common instrument. The end of the "Nine Songs" "the Soul", there is "into the ceremony, Xi will drum" records. Unearthed the situation Chu Drum can be divided into the hanging drum, tambourine, built drum, drum four kinds of deer. Chu from the court and to private houses, large or small has a Drum. Auspicious celebrations, the sacrificial Pray for anytime, anywhere drumming play music. Fuhao Zun, also known as Xiao Zun is a piece of chinese bronze of late Shang. Chu Philharmonic love the drums, often decorated with dragon and phoenix image on the drum. Such as Hubei, Hunan, Henan and other places are found, unearthed tiger phoenix frame drum, the two heads held male established Phoenix even frame a drum. Its shape: two phoenix back, head and neck high, music drum suspension between the two phoenix's head and neck, and tail drum next to the back of the two Phoenix Xiangtuo.

Appreciation of the Antique bronze Bells

Princes are not the DPRK, Chu Xiong Drainage, said: I barbarians, not China, posthumous "seal three sub for the king;" and Zhou Li Wang, but the time of, oppressive, and Bear Drainage fear their attacked Chu, and to its king. The piece-mold method was most likely the only one to make bronze used in China until at least the end of the Shang dynasty. "No doubt during this period the barbarians Rong and Di is on the defensive, is offensive. Zhou Li Wang not only compete for profit with the people, but also enhances the pressure of the barbarians Rong and Di Jin Hou Suqing copper bells were Zhou Zhongming Wen, Zhou Wang, "provincial" large-scale fight against the East, southern barbarians, but also reflects the situation of such struggling (Jin Hou Suqing copper bells inscriptions weeks "pro province" to emphasize its momentum) but this is just , a spent force., Wang Shih-military combat effectiveness has been greatly reduced, had to rely on the military power of the vassal state is well known that Zhou Wang's main military forces Saturday division.
 Yin eight divisions in the Western Zhou Dynasty as early as the mid-war played an important role, but with the decline of the Zhou royal family, Saturday division to act as the main force of Wang Shih-Yin of the late Western Zhou Yu Ding "integration" (eight divisions have been embarrassing task. recorded in 2833,) South Huaiyi the leader startling Hou Yu Fang "rate South Huaiyi, the Dongyi wide cutting the southern East China" so that King Zhou, the big drop mourning in the country "," Nai Ming West six divisions of the Yin eight master said: (flutter) 'cutting Og) (E Hou Yu Fang, exhaustive young tho ', "is the command annihilation on Huaiyi. However, Wang Shih-Mi fear together, the the Fuke cutting Og (E widespread fear of the enemy,), can not beat the opposition, so King Zhou had to rely on the minister of state. The bronze worker achieved a high degree in producing bronze.
"Wu Gong" army "Dun cutting Og (E" ultimately defeating the enemy), "won Jue Jun Yu Fang Jin Hou Suqing copper bells performance Zhou Wang Jin Hou Sujun team to rely on inscription "to arrive with the Marquis of Jin Su branches, Marquis of Jin Su outflank" Su Yi, "a primary victory, and there was no account of Zhou Wang Wang Division victories, the fact is likely to be false starts. An advantage of this rather cumbersome way of casting bronzewas the decorative patterns. Although the inscriptions on a grand scale claiming king pro province of East Southland ", if not Marquis of Jin strong support, Zhou Wang is difficult to succeed. role to see Hunting in the princes from the Marquis of Jin Su Zhou Wang Hunting process, princes is obvious, on the one hand.
Princes to act as the military power of the Zhou king Hunting Hunting activities in assisted King Zhou; the other hand, these large Zhu Hou Zhongming from cutting the southern point of view (reported breeding child," Mr. Yang Shuda narrative (reported propagate), audio and of that literature, "Pu said, Hubei Jingshan County, near the waterway Baipu lair, Zhou Wang smashed the waterway, the Dongyi 2 16 state lookout are obedient in the week. These are forcibly pressure, Zhou Wang Hunting behavior played a deterrent. Zhou dynasty in the Western Zhou Dynasty in the late decline of the Zhou king in order to reverse the current situation had to struggle to force the occasion of the early Western Zhou Yin Sheng, national strength, Kang, world peace, the punishment was wrong more than 40 years of not Historical Records of the Millennium. It could be carved or stamped directly on the inner surface of the bronze dragon.

Minute the Inscriptions on the bronze

Zongzhou minutes in the inscriptions, Zhou Wang inspection of King Wen, King Wu to open up the territory, the southern (reported breeding) mutiny rebellion, this time) (sub-Zhou Wang to give a severe blow, scissors cutting its cities in the West Zhou Dynasty, "province" of single words not "province" there are many, such as: [Wang] Province, Wu Wang, Cheng Wang cutting (lowly) birth of the East country) ((vulgar. "should Utensil", "integration") 4320 CD Wang make palace attacked the anti-Tiger parties of the year (life) the king to make the first province of southern string) (consistent line, (set (ranks.)) ("the tripod", "integration") 2751 king of a large province Gongzu in G (Tang) vibration trip. "goblet", Heritage Spring and Autumn 2009 5 study and explore the province of East or (State) (State), Wang Zhaonan or the "Province, Wenwu Jin (" integration ") in 4302 inscriptions for device by the Zhou king raised him, "Hugh Young emperor Pixian but still called the father. bronzewith high proportion of tin was used to cast the blade that in turn covers the edge.
 Wu good King "King", "prove that King Zhou acquiescence to the phenomenon of alien king, barbarians Rong and Di in a great deal on an equal footing with the Zhou Dynasty, but even so, when the barbarians Rong and Di is still not buy the Zhou Dynasty, the Zhou Dynasty had to use military means sanctions they Hunting of the conquest of nature by force, the use of the expedition of King Zhou is the most powerful wrist to the Western Zhou Dynasty in the late Zhou dynasty barbarians Rong and Di's squeeze increases, leading to continue the rebellion of these aliens. "Mu when, Rong and Di tribute, Nai expedition Quanrong by its five four white deer, but also have four White Wolf, WANG Sui moved Rong in Taiyuan. Yi Wang weak, not towards the shortage of clothing, Nai Ming Guo public rate of six army to attack the Rong of Taiyuan, The Yu Quan, was the horse one thousand. no way Li Wang. The findings demonstrate that Chinese workers were excellent at producing bronze.
Rong and Di Kou sweep is the dog mound, killing the family of Qin Zhong Wang Ming cutting Rong, her inability to Zhou Wang to send a senior official counter-insurgency, or expedition, but the current situation is intensified to Xuan Wang times, to make Qinzhong cutting Rong Rong killed the king laid off, "Ben Bing Fa the Taiyuan Rong, can not" five years after, the king of cutting Rong Rong, Wang Shih-defeat "Wangzheng Shen Rong," broken "(" Book of the Later Han Xiqiang Biography,) can be described as the dog has his day. The research also brings to light the superb skills of bronze.  "promiscuous and You Wang, Shii cross-invasion" ("Book of the Later Han Dong Yi Chuan, Zhou dynasty has been over and over smoke signals. Jin Hou Suqing copper bells reflected Li the reign of King emperor week to cope with the turbulent political situation in the East China made all the struggle. inscriptions, Zhou Li Wang Lao Shi expedition, the final week of Gu Gong "Su)."
Zuo Johnson Marquis of Jin soldiers one at only capture (places Yi Xi public any, shall be in 21 years "sentence": places, Zhuan Yu, wind surname, in fact, Secretary large) with the economy of worship (Matthew serve Zhu Xia. Both of chinese bronze were applied by workers in ancient Wu and Yue. "Places for wind surname ancestor for too, too, the Department of Dongyi ancestor of places in the literature is insignificant tiny state, so the power of the Zhou Li Wang and the Marquis of Jin Su Fei, indicating that this battle is extraordinary important. (places razed, East countries, in addition to Su) in the late Western Zhou Huaiyi and waterway serious intrusion Gui integration "division (4313 cloud: Huaiyi Yao)) (old minister, now dare to Bo) (thin Jue public Workers officials, anti-Jue (trace I East countries. Smith Gui Dover), "says: together the waterway, Tiger Qi Yi (state barbarians do not fold," Lu Zhou) wide cutting East country.

Brilliant History and Culture of the bronze

Witness the bronze, I brilliant history and culture; bronze witnessed, Tsing Yi curl long hair Rupu, a beautiful woman hands playing music music draped tulle; bronze witnessed the war-torn era of people's tears cheek and peace and prosperity, people's faces. Bronze witnessed so much, let me to witness the bronze bar. Came to the museum, first of all I visited the ancient bronze instrument. The bronze is made with three semi-circular large ears corresponding to the three feet. Workmanship delicate bronze musical instrument stand up to years of erosion becomes worn, in fact, is a bronze instrument, but also a few people can withstand years of tough training? Although the old piano, but I especially can imagine the look of the masters of the piano playing it. So elegant bronze musical instruments, and her owner must be very beautiful.
Dressed in light green veil, rubbing and right beside the flowers and trees, play in a small pavilion; breeze caresses, indescribable beauty; its song is melodious, but with a bit lazy ; elegant song, but with blowing fresh; song like the lily, elegant; song like roses, enchanting and beautiful; see these circumstances I do not know how many heroes can make impressed; sweet sounds still ringing in the elegant woman forever. I do not want to watch it after the death of the ancient corpses riddled like, I think they're certainly not willing to. There are also animal mask in relief engraved on the feet of the bronze.
A percussion instrument of China's ancient bronze bells, cast in bronze by the size oblate bell is arranged in accordance with the order of the pitch, hanging shelves in a huge bell, T-shaped wooden hammer and elongated of the rod, respectively, beating the bronze bell, and send different music, the tone of each bell, in accordance with sound spectrum of the beat, beautiful melodies can be played. Lead a group of high and low tone bronze bell hung on the gallows, to play music with a small mallet to beat. This special bronze is significant material to learn the distribution of the people in early Zhou and their bronze casting technique.
As early as the Shang Dynasty 3,500 years ago, China had bronze bells, but then the bronze bells are more than a set of three. Later, with the development of the times, the number of each set of bronze bells are also increasing. The ancient bronze bells used for the playing of the court, in civil rarely spread during the campaign, may appear before or worship, should play the bronze bells. In ancient China, the bronze bells upper class instrument, level and a symbol of authority. In modern times, China Yunnan, Shanxi and Hubei and other places of the tombs of the ancient princely aristocracy, who has unearthed many ancient bronze bells. This bronze is simple and honest in modeling and vivid in shape and weird and solemn in decorations. One of the most striking is found in Hubei with the county tomb of Marquis Yi of bronze bells.
 This set of bronze bells exquisite technology, the range of five octaves, scale structure close to the modern C major 7 Sound. In addition, the bronze bells also marked with the inscription and Temperament more than 2800 words, recording the many musical terms, shows the advanced level of musical culture of ancient China. Marquis Yi of bronze bells is the largest number of Chinese unearthed the largest, well preserved bronze bells, known as the miracle in the history of human culture. Bronze bells music is crisp and bright, melodious, can play the same melody singing another song bell known. The following are the reasons for the evolution of bronze dragon.

Explore the Decoration between Iron and bronze

The liquid aluminum alloy can easily absorb hydrogen, in the subsequent cooling process, due to lower solubility of hydrogen in liquid aluminum alloy, the precipitation of supersaturated hydrogen will bubble forms, the formation of pores in aluminum alloy castings . The main content of this bronze is about reign of Emperor Xiaowang of the Western Zhou II. Aluminum alloy for a wide range of crystallization temperature, the primary crystal tree will allow the remaining liquid separated into many small liquid, when these small liquid zone solidification shrinkage, the formation of a certain degree of vacuum gap, small gap for the precipitation of hydrogen create the conditions, and thus the formation of pinholes in these parts, so that the air tightness of the castings reduce mechanical performance.
 Refining methods to reduce the aluminum oxide and inhale, often melting into the melting crucible plus KCl, NaCl and other salts, solvents, and liquid aluminum alloy cover, so that the furnace gas isolation. In order to exclude inhalation of gas, refinery should normally be ahead of the liquid aluminum alloy before pouring. Refining method, commonly used method of ventilation, chloride Refining or vacuum method. Chunhua ding, a cooking bronze is a cultural relic of the Western Zhou Dynasty. Venting two categories, one leads to not aluminum chemical reaction of gases such as nitrogen or inert gas. When nitrogen bubbles form of floating in the liquid aluminum alloy, the hydrogen in liquid aluminum alloy can be with the bubbles bring out. The same time, during ascent, the bubbles will absorb some solid inclusions, so that it floats to the surface was clear.
Other pass into the aluminum alloy liquid chemical such as chlorine gas. The following reaction: 3Cl2 + 2Al = 2AlCl3 Cl2 + H2 = 2HCl by AlCl3 and HCl in the melting conditions is gas in the float process, the liquid aluminum alloy gas and solid inclusions brought out. Through chlorine refining effect, low cost, only toxic chlorine, should be used under the conditions of good ventilation, safety precautions. It is the largest and most important round tripod among the bronze dings of Western Zhou. chloride refining (Hexachloroethane CCl4, ZnCl2, of MnCl2) is the most common is the use of hexachloroethane (of Hexachloroethane) refining. Aluminum alloy baked Hexachloroethane use Bell to join aluminum alloy liquid Hexachloroethane and aluminum to the following reaction: 3 Hexachloroethane + 2Al = 3 C2Cl4 +2 by AlCl3 reaction product of C2Cl4 and AlCl3 are gases, they are in the float process, in the aluminum alloy liquid gas (H2) and inclusions (Al2O3), together with the liquid to be removed.
Hexachloroethane not suction points, easy to save, easy to use, and the refining effect, but it is case of thermal decomposition Cl2 and C2Cl4, the formation of the furnace gas to have a strong irritant. Therefore, in poorly ventilated workshops, irritating little less refining effect of ZnCl2 to refine. 3) vacuum treatment method in a vacuum furnace melting and pouring the liquid alloy, and the atmosphere completely isolated from the oxidation and inhale would not have happened. Good, after the release of the ladle in a vacuum secret chamber a few minutes in the ordinary crucible induction furnace melting aluminum alloy liquid gas in a vacuum under the action of automatic escape, to achieve. Refining is completed, they should immediately pouring. the melting characteristics of copper alloys and aluminum alloy, copper alloy melting, easily oxidized and inhale. Now let’s explore the relationship between the decoration of chinese bronze and original religion.

Pottery Traditions and bronze

In front of the bronze mirror, like a dentist, "professional" to check their teeth; take advantage of people do not pay attention to sneaky in front of the bronze mirror to a small stick on the left ear and eye eyebrows. However, when it was 22 years old but bronze mirror lose interest, indifferent to the camera display. Do mirror experiments or video self-test experiment, from the original out of all of a sudden reduced to zero. The Chinese used bronze differently than in other places. Chimpanzees can play with his own shadow. A beam of light hit the chimpanzee behind the wall and India under its shadow. Chimpanzee face of the wall standing, making it see the shadows on the wall. When the lab assistant to lift a chimpanzee behind hats, chimps see the shadow, wearing a big hat.
 Chimp is very smart, it is first move the body, attempt to Quche the shadow of the hat, but soon withdrew from the shadows, seemed to suddenly realize: Oh, the shadow of the original wall is their own. The problems mirror self-recognition experiments and video experiments, humans can think out the best detection of self-consciousness approach? The answer is. Although sometimes these experiments does not apply in some animals, especially not for lack of interest in the bronze mirror, naturally does not love to decorate their own animal. The early Chinese bronze was constructed by using what has become known as the piece-mold method. But so far, humans can not think of any better way to detect whether animals have self awareness. Tips star chimpanzee Ai AI) (name "Ai" means: Love (Japanese) Gender: female birth: about 1976 Birthplace.
 Guinea forest stay in Japan time: the winter of 1977, the mission in Japan: half years old when he started at the Kyoto University Primate Research Institute to learn the language, digital date in Arabic numerals recognition and memory of prominent, is the first study to identify the figures of chimpanzees. first touch experiment with the keyboard Time: April 15, 1978. the next generation: has grown up son "step" (Ayumu) is a digital mystery, today is a rising star of the Digital Identification, and college students, PK, the students trounced it is to make mother proud and proud. dolphins, elephants leading fashion through the mirror self-recognition experiments in addition to humans and some apes. bronze was very closely associated with pottery traditions of an even earlier period.
 Recently, dolphins and elephants also been shown to self-appreciation front of the bronze mirror. Emory University scholars 2001 found the New York Aquarium, two aged 13 years old and 17-year-old bottlenose dolphin, and constantly smug in front of the bronze mirror. As a result, researchers in different parts of the dolphin body painted pattern - like tattoo the same and pretty patterns. These elegant bronze were liberally decorated by either painting or incising. Dolphins without the aid of a bronze mirror, you can not see the body pattern. results are exciting, even in the water, the dolphins will be facing the bronze mirror picture, eager to check the pattern of sudden appearance of his body, as if fashionable dress for their own delight. It seems everything has the beauty of the heart, animals, fashion of the experiment shows that dolphins may know the Dolphins are in a bronze mirror.
Dolphins according bronze mirror (Zhou Mu such as 12-year-old painting) Surprisingly, these scientists also found that the elephants will be according to the bronze mirror, one called "happy" (happy) Asian elephants in the Bronx, New York (the Bronx) Zoo, in 2006 successfully passed the mirror self- recognition experiments, which is in addition to the great apes and dolphins, the discovery of other mammals may also have self-awareness - if the mirror experiment really be able to accurately reflect the self-conscious existence of the elephant park a total of three Asian elephants One day, a giant bronze dragon instead of a wall Elephant Park elephant every day from the cage out to go through here. bronze also appeared in several unique motifs.

The Strange Divinity on the bronze

This set off again into the lining and contrasting, they are accomplished through the repeated description of the bronze weapons in the lining aspects. bronze can be found in many ancient civilizations. It is mainly through the description of the Liangshan heroes clever use of bronze weapons, such as Chapters 69, focus on write no Yu Jian Zhang Qingshan flying stone hit the ability that he has not on Liangshan occupied before the face of many Liangshanpo prowess of the heroes of the challenge, he calmly, even throwing a flying stone, a series of fifteen wounded Ning, Han Tao, Xuan Zan, Hu Yanzhuo, FUJIAN AGRICULTURE, Lu Zhishen superior martial arts Liangshan heroes. public enemy, "with a stone and the Zhujiang gall bladder cleft heart mourning men, which Wal gone, but also express a high strength Zhangqing Wu Yi are lining the description.
 Lu Zhishen body description of the more prominent only in the fifth round of direct reference to the Buddhist monk's staff more than 20 times, tan statistical and comment for the end of the new playing Buddhist monk's staff had an excellent write, therefore Cipian, readers are advised to stay the eye. Diba Hui, the author has even Buddhist monk's staff to write was superb. legitimate escort Lin Gongren Xue hands up Shui Huogun Wang Lin's head will pixia, "Lin's life once, evening. You can find many kinds of bronze antiques in museums such as bronze, bronze vases, bronze jewelry, bronze horses, and bronze weapons.  I saw" an iron Buddhist monk's staff to fly the future, this Shuihuo Gun separated and lost to the winds, to jump out of a fat monk "can be described as no, its first reflected in its bronze weapons, which makes the novel language with strange changes, the thrilling sense of enhanced plot sense of suspense and adventure, thus Jin Shengtan said: "write Zhishen in Buddhist monk's staff on excellent examples like this back to the eighteenth.
 Lin fights" Lun " kicked the table only on one side, grab up under the skirts, the lot fell to a shining knife, fire Rolling if the magazine Li Zhuowu, To this end, commented, "people knife all live, tan commented : "I write, I write knife Danjue knife all live. in contrast, written more for the twenty-second back to Jing Yang Gang Wu Song Fights the Tiger" of repeatedly wrote the Shaobang Wu, according to, tan statistics 19 times to make the reader think that the Wu case of the tiger will rely Shaobang self-defense, however angry when Wu handed picked up Shaobang exhaustion level of pixiang pouncing hanging eye White-fronted tiger, only to hear a sound, rustled the tree with sticks, leaves and split face beat down "the original Wu hustling Shaobang to play in the dead tree on Shaobang broken into two parts. worth of helpless. The early bronze in China was a knife discovered in Gansu Province.
Wu had to bare hands and the ferocious hanging eye white-fronted tiger life and death struggle, "lift the hammer like the size of a fist, the best level angry force, seeking only to play" After a bitter struggle, and finally, in and killed the Tigers. , tan, commented: "half-day diligence to write Shaobang Road, just battle it Tiger, this suddenly expelled, startling Jinkou dare not repeat down. folded Shaobang, side show to hand Tiger strange divinity. Taotie was one of the most popular motifs for the bronze dragon during that time. just readers heart gall fallen men. Shengtan 'comments, that he quickly discovered that the author is with the discount Shaobang to contrasting the behavior of the Wu bare Tiger bravery, adventure and real. Indeed, from the works plot description shows that the hand Wu fought the Tigers behavior was not of his intention to move, but a last resort. dare alone night raid Tigers haunt Jing Yang Gang, one due to drunk bold, two due to the hands of have Shaobang of body precisely because the Shaobang inadvertently interrupted, forcing him to hand fighting tiger.

Bronze as Burial Objects

To make a broadsword, known as the sword Guan Sheng Hu Yanzhuo for Song, the early the Hedong name Hu Yanzan Dipai children and grandchildren ... the two copper whip ten thousand irregularities of courage "view from the two used bronze weapons are visible, the legacy of their ancestors. many and nicknamed the name of the Liangshan heroes and to the bronze weapons, in addition to the previously mentioned sword Guan Sheng, whip Hu Yanzhuo, Lethal Lei Lingzhen the outside, there Shuangqiang Jiang Dong Ping, no Yu Jian Zhang Qing, gold gunmen Xu Ning, surgeon ghost CAO. In addition, the small Li Guang Hua Rong, a small warm climate Lui Fong, race Rengui Guo Sheng, Yuchi SUN disease. The bronze are also exquisite works of master craftsmen.
 The small Yuchi Sun new nickname origins are held with the respective hands of bronze related to weapons, or mentioned in the ancient bronze weapons held by their respective nicknames of soldiers - 66 - the same or similar such as Huarong and the Han's Liguang as good at the bow and arrow, can be described as crack shot; Lui Fong, Guo Sheng like Lu Bu Xue Rengui the same good use Fangtianhuaji; SUN Sun brothers are the same as the Tang Dynasty star Weichigong adept at using the eye of the tiger bamboo Gangbian. Second, do the bronze weapons and characters, the basic unity of temper, people bronze weapons from the shape, pattern, severity, size, personality, temper the use of weapons can be extrapolated figures. Some bronze were utilized by their owners in their lifetime.
 Man impatient, daring dares, nicknamed the vanguard of cable like a two-edged gold dipped ax; brash. Thunderbolt Qin sexually intense fire, like a mace. fine extraordinary, brave and resourceful the Sau like hidden dagger; blackened, strong as an ox, Li Kui irascible, reckless behavior, is suitable for a pair of tricks in this character, and their appearance often is: "a black stern Han dynasty, hand Rolling Axes, Sheng thundering attack; wish Chuang, Li Kui" stripped naked, play two folders steel tricks, fire Lara to kill forward to "Li Kui's tricks almost become that the identity card of personality, no wonder that even Li Gui posing as Li Kui must waving two tricks in the sixty-sixth gyrus Li Kui Ling states met the nickname did not face hero coke very Jiao Ting said they did not believe the front of the man-made Li Kui, Li Kui repeatedly said "you do not believe, but only I recently put tricks. visible Li Kui the big tricks as from own signs, ID cards. Other bronze served as ritual vessels for offering sacrifices or during feasts.
Be proud of and proud. thus Jin Shengtan commented: "Wen Li Kui, and even smell their tricks; Li Kui self-confidence and even self-confidence tricks, written obviously in [3] Lu Zhishen incomparable force, pull down the vertical Yang, Guchang a weight of 62 pounds of water mill Buddhist monk's staff, more and more show off Lu Zhishen brawn extraordinary physical prowess, and thus of the second time and third time's not yesterday's poem praised: "The Buddhist monk's staff to open a dangerous road", "laugh play Buddhist monk's staff, world war heroes. Furthermore, from the point of view the use of bronze weapons posture, moves, can also reflect the character out of material as the first time: coach Wang private take the Yan'an Prefecture, nine patterns in a row historian village nine patterns in history into never and 800,000 imperial guards in the East. The later chinese bronze were made expressly as burial objects.

The Most Beautiful bronze

Mysterious symbol of the pattern Bashu copper bronze sword decoration is very unique. Often at the base of its bronze blade engraved the pictographic pattern, common tiger, hand lines, flower pedicle pattern, Bird, cicada patterns and so on, and many other abstract symbols do not know. These Patterns meet will not only found in the copper-bronze sword, is also widely seen in the Ba and Shu areas unearthed bronze weapons, such as Ge, spear, ax, etc.; not only have a single symbol, there are a variety of combinations. A great deal of bronze exquisite beyond compare was discovered.  According to the statistics of some researchers, the Prachuab bronze weapons on the pattern symbol dozens of categories, the group number change is more complicated, probably hundreds.
They are certainly not just the decoration of the form should also contain some deep meaning, is still unable to crack, and speculated that it might clan symbol or totem sign, or has the symbolic meaning of the auspicious gods? Some scholars think that they may have the function of the text, it is also known Prachuab Xhosa. In addition, I copper bronze sword, the body of surface often casting the formation of rough markings throughout all see from the shape of a tiger-shaped, semi-circular, oblique prism, and three flower-shaped, touch uneven, multi- showed a dark color or oil green or rust. This bronze is consisted of a zun and a pan. Previously, some research scholars of the ancient bronze swords have noticed, the world bronze sword of some ancient peoples, the control table often fine roughness patterns, hard and has a good anti-rust, or so-called "rough tread. Stripes of the Prachuab copper matte bronze sword, may also have this effect.
Southwest early off in the week cultural area was popular a flat stem willow-shaped copper short bronze sword. Is not difficult to see, I believe is extremely similar to the Warring States period the Prachuab copper bronze sword that (including the loading handle) and the beginning of the week flat stem willow-shaped short bronze sword. Therefore, researchers generally believe that, the Prachuab copper bronze sword from the Guanzhong region, its ancestor is the beginning of the week flat stem willow-shaped bronze sword, passed in the Ba and Shu areas, development in the Warring States Period, bronze weapons with unique ethnic style thus shape changes: If I type bronze sword of bronze blade longer, or even a long bronze sword; decorated with peculiar pattern symbols, bronze swords surface casting a unique matte stripes; stem perforation skew in the ridge line. The bronze is known as zun pan of Marquis Yi of Zeng.
 In contrast, small changes in the II-shaped bronze sword, divided by Prachuab pattern decoration outside, and almost exactly the same with willow-shaped bronze sword the beginning of the week, even with the shape of the copper bronze scabbard is also somewhat similar. "Book of Mushi records, cutting provider of Yin the end of King Wu of Zhou," Yong Shu, Qiang, mane, micro, Lu Peng, Pu "Tribes are allies. It is the most beautiful and complicated bronze of the Spring and Autumn period and Warring States.  "Huayang Ba Chi" said Zhou King Wu, and actually gets the Ba division. It is said that the Palestinian division Yong Rui, dance to the Ling Yin Dynasty. Weekly visible in the business end, the Pakistani family and family Sichuan and Zhou People in close contact, the Zhou people accustomed to using a copper bronze dragon into the Ba and Shu areas is possible.

On the Production of the bronze Weapons

The knife moves simple and easy training, became civilians weapon, people of Liandao is the most, but most are mediocre. Knife and bronze sword, naturally somewhat more fragile temperament. The quality of the knife bronze sword and knife bronze sword collection tool is a very beautiful combination of contradictions, constantly challenge the limits of human wisdom, luck, materials and processes but is not a mystery. Consequently, the bronze were squeezed out from the daily life step by step. Good knife steel on hard, but after the heat treatment of steel toughness and hardness of the blade. Blade if the knife blade hard, allow the blade to absorb the energy Kandao things, so the blade is very easy to break or be turned. The carbon content of the steel is not as simple as the higher the better. Steel as a knife bronze sword, there are two basic properties.
First, hardness, first, toughness, hardness is the knife to cut how hard things, toughness is a material of much energy impact without breaking ability. Unfortunately, these two attributes are mutually exclusive to a certain extent, the higher the carbon content of steel inside, the higher the hardness of the build out of the more sharp knife, but also more brittle and are likely to encounter the hard stuff The collapse of the mouth; low carbon content of wrought iron, the toughness is high, the build out of the knife is not easy to collapse, can be bent or even to the extent that it will not break, but no hardness, cutting, not the hard stuff. The bronze weapons in the tomb of Shang in Dayangzhou, Xingang can be cited as the epitome of mainstream weapons in the Pre-Qin era. So, really good knife must be managed to the advantage of the integration of high-carbon steel and wrought iron. In ancient times, the best way is to use folded forged steel and wrought iron layer a layer of fine to play together, and the method of carburizing, so break out the knife both sharp high-carbon steel, and cooked The toughness of the iron.
This process to play out the knife bronze sword in ancient times is fine, fine, although this process is invented in China, but then Iran (ancient Persia) side of the forging process, the best, it is also known as the Damascus steel; folding forged out of steel, the surface will have layers of texture, very beautiful, it is also a pattern-welded steel. On the whole, the bronze in Sui and Tang Dynasties were mainly all kinds of bronze mirrors.  (Now these processes became extinct, some so-called master system out of something, mostly industrial pattern-welded steel, as well as torches and pickling the sensational things) the blade to maintain course and hardness relationship, because of the hardness itself is a knife part of. Knife cutting tools sharp is it a primary manifestation. But the more sharp to keep the lower, more easily damaged. Because the more sharp the edge is thinner.
 At the same time the higher the hardness the more likely to say nothing of the mouth and fracture, because the brittle! After it is damaged because of high hardness, but not easy to repair, too many factors that lead to the knife will blunt, understand? In brief, Han dynasty can be called the last hint of sun of the chinese bronze. This is why the hardness of steel to handle the higher should the segmented heat treatment or folder steel process. Pursuit of the balance of hardness and toughness! So-called good retention is appropriate to open the front angle, polishing and suitable for steel and hardness processing! Rather than simply say that the higher the hardness to maintain, the better! In fact the higher the hardness if the blade to open the thin die faster and more ugly. so you will find the pursuit of a lot of rough Yong tough hardness of the knife, body and edge are thick to keep very good.

Propensities to Consume the bronze

Actively looking for the color design of rational and simple. Designed by Japanese designer Fujita Long Japanese gin, make full use of the color attribute, arranged by the gold text on the transparent body container design, the role of light and shadow, reflect the excellence of the design rather than where . Design a highly condensed summary of the design to the extreme, like a bright pearl among the many goods into the issue Shining splendor. You would better keep the bronze away from the moist environment. The choice and combination of colors is very important in the packaging design is often the key to determine the packaging design merits of the. Reconcile the pursuit of the packaging colors, refined, simple, in essence, is to avoid excessive burden the use of color in the packaging. Colorful beautiful downtown may not be engaging hand, may give the impression of a slick, gives rise to a sense of dazzling.
Appropriate use of the simple language of color, to better reflect the ability of the designer to control the color, to maximize the potential of color. Under the influence of Minimalism, due to out of the traditional color of the shackles of the property, combined with the requirements of modern packaging design theory and properties of the goods, the use of non-color gold, silver, black, white, gray packaging design and more significant commodity timeless beauty. They will recognize the significant historical value and artistic achievements of ancient Chinesebronze. No color line, the special nature of the charge and show the charm of the stage for many commodities, packaging design. Such as Johnny Assi than South Africa vodka wine packaging, and container shape itself, not what number of the Department, the designer bold choice of five color set off, revealing a strong metallic finish graphics placed on the central.
 White shield open label color against the background of a more focused to strengthen the information characteristics of the goods, the whole goods appear dignified and elegant, superior quality. The use of metallic design, help to enhance the lighting effects, and a wealth of space and level of change. Gold and silver reflective ability and sharp features in the different angles and different lighting effect, showing a strange color effects, and appropriate use will enhance the glory of goods, advanced, and mystery. Through the analysis of the corrosion ofbronze, we will be able to know how to preserve them. Its keen sense of light and shadow changes can be reflected out of packaging gorgeous, precious, active impression. Pure refining and use of no color, to help strengthen the commodity characteristics, help to improve the quality and grade of goods, enhance the sense of the times of goods and charismatic personality. The color line has its own distinctive appearance attributes, with no color line in gold, silver, black, white, gray also have a certain color meaning.
Color In fact, in people's minds already formed their own full color nature and what is accepted by people, known as the color of forever. Separately examine black, white, gray, black symbol of silence, silence means evil and ominous, is considered a negative color. The white solid evil emotion, is not quiet, nor irritating. It can be seen that the preservation of bronze dragon has a close relationship with the environment. Generally considered to be a quiet, pure, and a symbol of purity. When black and white mixed, gray, gray belongs to the neutral, the lack of independent characteristics of color, gray monotonous and plain stressed shade like black and white, but gray if containing the evil color tendency, will give a subtle, The soft, high-level fine sense, it is interesting. Of course, in many no color, packaging design, often the meantime also dotted with some of the high purity of color. Their presents on the one hand to form a contrast effect, with no color on the other hand is to contrast the main color.

The Main Channel to Sell the bronze

Students in the life of independence and dependence of the coexistence period, along with self-consciousness, they produce a strong independent the bronze consumer psychology, the desire for an independent right to consumer choice and control over, but because of its economic independence determine them less self-consumption experience, can not rationally measure of consumer value and cost, comprehensive and careful analysis of and comparison of goods are ignored in spending, short-sighted, easy to show their emotions and instincts, the blind obedience of the consumption, arbitrary mobility. bronze in the world is also a worldwide symbol of civilization.  Secondly, the college students have a strong need to be respected, they are eager to get the care and attention, dressed or have the same luxury goods or entertainment, a generous giver and an envious eyes, the words of the sentence praised them as be respected, so they leave no stone unturned with new different image to the display of self, in order to improve their socio-economic status, to realize their social value.
 Showed a high pursuit of material life in the field of consumption, resulting in adverse psychological variety of to show off, the comparisons and excessive consumption. Four, college students healthy bronze culture of consumer psychology education and guidance of social. Consumption in the whole society to create a healthy and progressive culture. Government departments should take effective measures, as the increase in adolescent health consumption. The earliest bronze maybe emerged 5000 years ago. First, we must adhere to the "with both hands, the hand must resolutely ban those areas of consumption out of tune with the socialist spiritual civilization and space, especially in the surrounding environment on the university campus to rectify and governance, while increasing build a conservation-oriented society propaganda, saving the consumption concept to guide the transformation of consumption patterns.
The second is to foster the orderly cultural market. Through the development of laws and regulations, strengthen the supervision of cultural market, and loved the show the spiritual food for college students. In addition, various types of media should take a socially responsible attitude for science and health consumer publicity, positive mainstream culture (such as the traditional Chinese virtues and cultural essence) to suppress non-mainstream hedonistic view of consumption, and guide Students reasonable, learn to consume. School education and guidance colleges and universities to effectively assume the important task of Students healthy bronze consumer psychology play school education as the main channel. Gradually, the bronze retreated from the history stage.  Strengthening the education, and guide students to establish the "thrifty and the degree of" scientific, rational view of consumption
First of all, to strengthen the Students' Social Responsibility Education and the revolution of traditional education. May take a combination of theory and practice, such as young students to the poverty-stricken areas to carry out social research, and to carry out the "Hand in hand" poor - poverty. In order to mobilize their inner spiritual strength, and guide them to think about the fundamental question of the purpose of life, "the meaning of life, a positive attitude towards life, to avoid adverse bronze generation of consumer psychology. Second, it helps students to establish a correct view of consumption. The time between the late Shang and early Western Zhou has witnesses the zenith of the bronze dragon. The consumer view of education is an integral part of values education. School education in consumer attitudes of college students should strengthen the students of national conditions, the situation of education, the traditional view of consumption and the modern view of consumption combine the "thrifty, reasonable consumer" education, emphasizing the consumer does not require excessive inhibition , but not excessive.

Bronze System in Roman Age

Second, the transition type of the Han Dynasty bronze weapons intermediary between the length of bronze weapons, the so-called medium-sized bronze weapons. This type of medium-sized bronze weapons generally have the ax, ax long, long vertebral, symptoms, Shu, gallate, hook set and so on. Ax in the Han Dynasty are several kinds of meaning, the first Han dynasty inherited the pre - Qin has been a symbol of royal significance of the ax, the records of the chancery Mushi said: "The king left stick Huang Yue," Guo Hideko white disk, said: "tin ( gift) with the ax ". Tiger-shaped bronze are decorated with distinctive regional characteristics. "Book of North Song" says: "thanks to the ax and kill." Are ax represents and symbolizes power and status. "Book of the Later Han, bow Guo Chuan," it reads: "Yong Ping, Feng car, Du Wei Dou solid attack Hun Jidu Yu Qin Peng, Vice Peng Do not Tuen Noir to France cut people .... The emperor said: 'Jun Zheng, Captain unified in Christ, the Peng neither ax, can specifically kill almost?
"Han Dynasty Yue understanding the symbolism of power with the pre-Qin era, no. Secondly, the ax in the Han dynasty, refers to a class of instruments of torture. "Mandarin Lu language records, said:" Daxing hoplite, followed with the ax. "Shiming release soldiers: the ax to cut, see by key Qi fear." Whereby we can see the ax is used to the cut used in the Han Dynasty stone inscription on the reflect documented beheaded with the ax to. The antique bronze of Shang Dynasty are especially expensive.  "Han Ying cloth Biography" and "Han Wang Chuan said:" V ax quality Huainan City "and the" to undress V quality of the fact that the Han Dynasty in ax to cut sentence. The so-called quality, Zhi, "the Gongyang Zhao Gong twenty-five years," Ho Hsiu comment: Fuzhi (waist) cut the crime. Third, Yue Han Dynasty refers to the long ax a bronze weapons, have more detailed records in the portrait of stone in the Slips, Yinqueshan Han Dynasty, and Hebei area.
Vertebral what kind of bronze weapons? "Spring and Autumn Annals ? Jane" reads: "hoe to harrow white club, who can win the long Diao soldiers." Note by Gao said: "harrow, vertebral." Harrow refers to a wooden hammer, the Han Dynasty also appeared metal vertebra, and called it the hammer, such as Analysis of the Functions in the comment "urgent", said: "hammer iron-hammer, if this is known hammer can hit people, so the weapons from the Bronze of cases, Zhang used hit Qin, vice car, that this matter also. Some of the bronze shaped like a tiger. "this hammer is the iron vertebra. Mace is very similar to the sleeve hammer bronze weapons, "Huai Nan Zi", a book called "sleeve mace" the Reappraisal Note Explanation, said: "mace, small gallate, this popular call for the vertebral Sleeve mace, the officer can not hide being pregnant with sleeves. "
Shu Han Dynasty rod class of bronze weapons, without a blade. "The Book of Songs Bo Xi Mao transfer records, said:" Shu long Joji without the edge. "Zhou ? Secretary Ge shield" Zheng Xuan Note: Shu is a rod, and long to find (again) four feet. "Sleeping tiger Qin bamboo slips Legal Question and Answer, "it reads:" state off fighting with the owner, Bing Ren, Shu Ting, boxing refers to wounding, " Ya release ", said:" Shu, the rod. " release ? interpretation of soldiers ", said:" Shu Shu also .... some hit Die in the car, so special away from. " Shuo Wen Jie Zi Shu Ministry said: "Shu, the rod special people." Duan "Shuo Wen Jie Zi" Note: "special, broken rod special people, that in order to stick Geyuan its usefulness lies in order to cut off a pedestrian. Gallate, a similar Shu bronze weapons, Duan "Dictionary" Note: gallate, sticks, and folk characters. Gallate and bar was originally a thing, just called different. There are many bronze dragon in Shang Dynasty unearthed in a bird-shaped ceramic grinding rod.

To Fully Understand the True Meaning of the bronze

We here speak of the Chinese ancient bronze weapons means in ancient China, especially from prehistoric times until the Qing Dynasty, is the Opium War of 1840 so far inside this historical period, a variety of bronze weapons used by the ancient Chinese national army and overall equipment situation. In general, the foreign study of ancient bronze weapons, gunpowder used to bronze weapons as a historical stage, that is, before the gunpowder, the use of bronze weapons in the army we call it the cold bronze weapons. Gunpowder production of bronze weapons, gunpowder, gunpowder began to use in war, is the firearm. The experts believe that these bronze can be used for cross-reference.  This time and period of the cold bronze weapons and firearms. About Chinese ancient bronze weapons can be divided into three phases, the first prehistoric times called Stone Age archeology in terms of, we call this stage of the Stone Age bronze weapons.
Start bronze smelting, this time the main material of bronze weapons, begun to turn bronze. We call this period the bronze weapons of bronze weapons of the Bronze Age. People to understand the smelting of metal, this time the military's use of bronze weapons material changed to steel to do, to enter the bronze weapons of the Iron Age. To the Northern Song Dynasty, gunpowder for the bronze weapons. China is the birthplace of gunpowder, the Chinese army is the army of the earliest use of gunpowder weapons. To fully understand the true meaning of the inscriptions on the bronze, it still requires further careful study. In the Northern Song "General Military" inside talk about the three formulations, ie, Tribulus fireball, the thunderbolt fireball, artillery gunpowder France. Was made of gunpowder shells fired trebuchets, of course, the earliest use of the trebuchets, that is, the gun may be in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty late.
Southern Song Dynasty when the bamboo firearms, which spoke of the stereotypes of the "defenders recorded, began to use bamboo, and inside put the gunpowder to flame out, or can burn enemies. There is a spear below the placement of a cartridge, and can also fire-breathing, also known as guns. This bronze was confirmed to be the Da Yu Ding later. That is tubular firearms, this is the earliest firearms. After the gunpowder to the West, due to changes in social systems, in particular, and the seeds of capitalism linked, it has a great development. So these merchant ships of the Netherlands, Spain to China, bringing advanced western guns over the time, the Ming army only see their own backwardness, so aware of this issue, the introduction of the production technology of Western guns.
After the Opium War, the Qing Dynasty began training recruits, Yuan Shikai, training recruits, etc., the introduction of new Western firearms, the history of Chinese ancient bronze weapons. Some people think the war is decided, not bronze weapons. But for thousands of years in China, and even the history of the world. This bronze is very rare. Advanced use of bronze weapons a party to the dead is far less than good use of bronze dragon. Decisive strategic force of the battlefield - cavalry. Warring States Period, Qin a production Valley in the northwest, the ancestors of the Qin is the horse for the emperor week. Zhao Hu Fu riding and shooting, only to become a military power. War of the Han Dynasty and Xiongnu Han Dynasty army casualties more than the Huns, and the subsequent Eastern Han Dynasty.

Bronze Conveys the Idea of the Artist

While some art critics have criticized only the pursuit of Seiko secret agents and a direct and blatant emotional expression, subtle foreshadowing and rendering, no noisy backgrounds and noisy sound, but we should see the other hand, let? To the Zhou dynasty bronze were food containers or ritual vessels by and large.  Simple Mucke emotional he quietly describes the course of human life. Use his great scale exaggerated the details of the works the viewer to the origin of life and the edge of the external exaggerated art forms, so that the viewer really see the essence of things presented to the viewer an uncomfortable prying eyes. Snoop of this unrest is essentially from the works of real works, the viewer can see their own history, from the birth, growth, anxiety, loneliness, fear, until to death, we do not want to see the course, human escape not the natural cycle. Life is precious, so?
Mucke only to seize the human existence, independent of society, independent of race, independent of gender, care only about themselves. This artistic expression to our new way of thinking. Summary:? Muck works are the prototype several times to broaden or narrow the exaggerated scale of the real test? In addition, the emergence of inscriptions on the bronze in the Zhou dynasty.  Muck techniques standard in this telescopic scale behind, hidden artists uniqueness through the audience visual changes effectively express the emotion of the work, allow people to feel the physical and emotional impact. Emotional expression of the charm of his work, and this emotion from the artists admiration of the religious life of a true let us see to escape the life course. Journal of Shanghai University Chapter III for?
The Muke Qing bronze art, contemporary influence with the era of digital media, technology development for the arts provides a new opportunity, technology and art combine to make the art show diversified trend. The art is not just the rack art form - so that the to the development of diversified media, such as digital imaging, photography, installation. forgotten. Moreover, people belonging to different levels whose ritual bronze.  Artists to break the traditional art forms, the use of the continuous progress of computer technology impact and try a broader art world, free to interpret their own artistic ideas through the plurality of forms.
Let? Mucke, although in the era of new technology is constantly updated, but choose the practices contrary to the modern technology of artistic expression and popular culture as opposed to regain hand IN for and emotional origin, the ultimate success of his art recognized by the art critic and viewer favorite, and his success to today's society are continually changing with a new revelation. Section 1 The traditional manual return as early as 1917, Marcel Duchamp put forward: the concept than the things created by the concept of interesting. "In other words, he believes that artists should pay attention to the creation of a work of intent is not only the surface forms of language, at the same time. The applications of bronze dragon were the combination of bells, dings, food containers, characteristics of worship and sacrificial vessels just disappeared.

What are the Primary Methods to Judge the bronze?

Select the rounding function. Click the edge chamfer "button, system pop-up edge chamfer features wizard bar. Select the boundary entities. On the graph to select the boundary of the roundabout on the underside of the body, enter Radius "in the floating menu. Click the characteristics of the wizard bar "OK" button to generate the entity fillet. Select the entity under the border. First down on the graph to select the boundary of the underside of the Rondo four turn in the floating menu enter "Radius", "radius", "radius, the radius value. Therefore, to store up the bronze is a great reasonability.  Click the characteristics of the wizard bar "OK" button to generate the entity fillet. The results shown in Figure.
Bronze glass parts of the process according to the first parts of the inner surface of crude, refined lathe cutting processing of the outer contour of the crude, refined car. Processing, the choice of parameters, directly related to machining quality. The main parameters of the spindle rpm, feed rate, tool cut into the S feed rate, step width and depth of cut. The spindle speed is generally based on the cutting speed formula: n = 1000 Vc / πd, where d is the tool diameter (mm), Vc is the cutting speed (m / min) closely related to the choice of the cutting speed and tool durability. Feed rate related to the machining accuracy and surface roughness, the formula F = nzf, where n is the spindle speed (r / min), and z is the cutter number of teeth, f per tooth feed rate (mm / teeth). Left in the rough when need precision machining allowance of 0.2 ~ 0.5mm, usually more time-saving way. The first thing needed to be done is to enhance the ability to identify the bronze.
The margin of the finish is rough all processing, and processing methods selected to meet the requirements under the premise of using the time less of the way. Part contour geometry elements: bronze glass parts of lines, arcs and curves. The collection of the bronze depends on the identification of the collectors in case of buying fakes. Taking into account the processing of CNC lathes curve interpolation function, design, bronze glass cup body part of the curve with the arc tangent of the connection is made, each cut point coordinates are known. Parts, the coordinates of each node are known, easy to program by hand. Parts of the structure analysis of the process: bronze glass parts are thin-walled, slender overhang. Poor rigidity of its own structure, easy to produce vibration distortion; withstand cutting and stepping up the poor, could easily cause thermal deformation.
 In the cutting process must take appropriate measures, such as the correct choice of tool and cutting margin, reasonable arrangements for the processing, to reduce the deformation of compensation, to ensure accuracy. Accuracy and technical requirements analysis: Initially identified through the above analysis of the parts, bronze glass processing program: part blank using steel. The machine is equipped with CNC lathes CYNC-400TA system for the FANUC Series oi Mate,-TC. Tool Selection: External Turning Tool, the hole Tool, cutting knife and a center drill, drill Ф20mm. The primary methods to judge a bronze dragon are as follows. The fixture for the three-jaw self-centering chuck. Processing procedures for the processing of parts within the surface of the first crude, refined car, after the outer contour of the coarse and fine lathe. G00 quick clean cut, G01, cut into her feed line. The end of the inner surface of the processing using the axis - the radial retraction avoid collision knife; outer contour slash retracting, improve processing efficiency.

Taboo on the Wearing of bronze

Sub-casting the extensive application of the law, in addition to the product tends to normalize outside, the most prominent advantage. Please a bronze brave as your patron saint, Hannaford Lucky, then your baby bronze brave, what to pay attention to it, we look at the bronze brave the taboo. Some experts analyzed that Suichuan happened to be the key point of the bronze. Tiger is not suitable for wear bronze brave, white tiger and bronze brave the two clash, the aura of bronze brave Tiger people born will have a large degree of weaken. If a tiger who needs to wear a bronze brave words, to pay special attention to the maintenance of bronze brave, because your movements are possible with bronze brave grams more about Tiger's jewelry can not be at home or body.
Bronze brave do not say buy, be sure to say please, which is the same and many religious Fawu. Three bronze brave as a gift to be in bronze brave opening, the opening is actually a bronze brave to accept the world of Reiki, the process connected with the world, after the opening of the bronze brave opening the eyes to identify the main. This group of bronze found in the spring of 1976 is exactly the weapons used by the armies of Qin. If possible, bronze brave is the best please, only more sincere. For gifts, symbolically received the money, to show their piety. Please bronze brave best to be symmetrical, and now many bronze brave shape, before grasping before, the position of the tail is not in the middle of the teeth are not the same, then as long as the Department of a red string around the neck of the bronze brave to defuse.
Two bronze brave opening taboo bronze brave must the opening show of spirituality, do not open just useless. When conditions permit, as far as possible, please attain the monks to give the opening, its own method of light, although simple, is bronze brave glow aura, but as effective as the practice of things opening. When the monks opened light to do men wear bronze brave to invite monks, women wear a bronze brave nun. while they entering into Lingnan, they took themselves along with some bronze. Because heterosexual monks opening only will not achieve the effect of opening, but also the bronze brave troops slept. Bronze Pi Xiu pendant, many people like to add a little ornaments in bronze brave overhead, the ornaments will block Bronze Pixiu eyes, the eye is precisely the parts of the bronze brave seeking wealth.
So even a small bead of the decorative, and it is not too large, the average weight should not be more than one grams, diameter of not more than half a centimeter. Bronze brave inclusive of all things, and any jewelry jade jewelry to wear, but be careful to try not to touch, especially made of jade, bronze brave, and vulnerable to damage. Bronze brave the first time after wearing, do not for a long period not wearing bronze brave known to humanity, long-term wear will feel that the master is not enough to treat yourself to master increasingly unfamiliar Lucky ability to seem lazy. Bronze brave avoid glare. As for the problem that why the bronze were left is still unsolved. If you go to the sunlight strong holiday travel, it would have to pay attention to the protection of the bronze brave.
In addition, the mirror of light evil bronze brave as well as a bronze brave header, should not look in the mirror. Nor can the bronze brave facing the TV and computer screen to produce light is also a bronze brave taboo, long-term use of computers at work, it is best removed when the work you wear bronze brave. Wear bronze brave, Jichi pepper, because pepper makes financial gas leakage. Bronze brave wear must be worn on the left hand in the hand, the aura of the left hand into the right hand. Did the Qin soldiers carried a fight here to fight for the bronze? The bronze brave as pendants, should lanyard Department chinese bronze brave tail, head down and wearing. Fourth, the placing of a bronze brave taboo

Bronze Cup, Equivalent of Modern Bowl

"Han Dynasty artist a high degree of wisdom, rich imagination, the crystallization of the romantic spirit and superb artistic skills, is a rare treasure of ancient sculpture. Ancient Chinese craftsmen use a combination of artistic techniques of realism and romanticism, to enrich the imagination, ingenious ideas, skilled Craftsmanship, horses and birds wonderful combination of the birds of swift foil gallop rapid, vivid style, ingenious, and gallop Pentium uninhibited trend with modest and stable mechanical structure of the condensate as a whole, it has a vitality and momentum of the indomitable, is a symbol of the Chinese nation. Gui is also an significant sacrificial bronze.
Han Dynasty is China's Kaijiangtuotu resist the glories of the foreign slave expedition, the Han emperor Wen King of the Golden Age, when Emperor Wu of Wei Qing, Huo, such as the opening of the Western Regions, making the Western countries into submission in the Han dynasty emperor's, and the Congregation of the Mission have Tong Han, open the door of economic and trade exchanges. This bronze was used to hold the rice, millet and other food. This background, these mine units tomb unearthed bronze funerary objects, a number of very beautiful ancient works of art, more importantly, nearly two thousand years later, but also to see the mental outlook of the Han Dynasty horse to say that this is the history of science and technology in China a startling discovery.
   This cultural treasures unearthed in 1969 from Wu Weilei Taiwan Han Tomb has been exhibited in 14 countries and regions to Japan, the United States, Britain, France, Italy, Sweden, caused a great sensation and high praise, calling it " peerless treasure, "a compelling star," works of art the highest peak. The function of the bronze is equivalent of modern bowl.  It riding the birds marks the beginning of the wonderful artistic design and imaginative mechanical equilibrium theory, and won the "Genius of China" reputation of the Chinese nation. 1996, horse riding Chebi "expert team of the State Administration of Cultural Heritage as national treasures. In 2002, horse riding Chebi "was included in the first national ban on overseas exhibitions of precious relics.
February 2002, Chinese President Jiang Zemin "Horse Stepping Flying Swallow" copies of gift as a national ceremony to visiting U.S. President George W. Bush, horse riding Chebi again for us to win the honor. "Horse Stepping Flying Swallow" has four "appear on the" national card, the stories in the history of Chinese stamps. The horse is man's best friend, favorite horse tribute to horses, thousands of years, the ages artists have created about horses paintings, sculptures, brick, and a variety of works of art can be said that numerous. However, both the idea of the exquisite, unusual shape, or the mechanics of the center of gravity and superb balance technical level, that no one works prepared with respect for "horse riding Chebi compared. In the old times, the ancients were sitting on the bronze when attending in the feast.
Later identified as a Chinese tourist signs the horse is out of the country, to the world, known to the people of the world. Therefore, in a sense, known as the Copper Horse "horse" is not an exaggeration. The Wuwei City (English name: wuwei city) said: Xiliang. Wuwei City is located in central Gansu Province, the eastern end of the Hexi Corridor, east of Lanzhou, Jinchang, west according to the South Qilian Mountains, north of the Tengger Desert. The total area of 33,249 square kilometers. As of the end of 2003, a total population of 193.45 million. City People's Government in Liangzhou. A bronze dragon would be put on the floor, too.

Keep Developing the New Craftwork of the bronze

Although not yet invented the iron chiseling tools, but they have been able to the most general point, the line reflects the objective reality of the object. Shaped lines of these objects are so beautiful, as symmetrical precision. Ancient ancestors have been completely understand that the most beautiful form is also the most convenient and practical-type. Following the Erlitou after two years Gang culture, mid on behalf of the provider remains. The bronze can be termed as the magnum opus of the art of the bronze sculptures in the Spring and Autumn period. When the bronze production still accounts for an important position, when the prevalence of a variety of pottery products, but rare dramatic bronze sculptures. Until the Yin Ruins culture period, enter the peak phase of the Chinese Bronze Age, Bronze Sculpture again shine with dazzling brilliance.
Late Shang-known figure statue, as well as from the Anyang Houjiazhuang 1004, the tomb of mortar bronze afterimage, the Yin Ruins tomb of Fu Hao 376 bronze. The characters are detailed, clothing hair clearly visible, is a direct manifestation of the ancient sculptor on the social life, which left available to observe the template for future generations. Relying on the unique style and exquisite decoration, the bronze enjoyed the fame in the world.  Shang society prevailing animism original religion, animals, people worship the gods, and therefore the bronze sculpture artist particularly adept at all kinds of performing the animal world. Large animal bronze sculpture is more common in Wang Duan Yang Yin. Hou Chuang unearthed bronze duck, the shape of heavy body wired engraved ornamentation.
It is a rigidly stick to the original shape of the re-creation of its beak and sudden head hook to the essential characteristics of live birds of prey and fierce personality, and the rest of the detail are omitted under the feet of varying thickness to support the balance, but also to avoid any sense of monotony, the feathers of its body and wings with a line engravings: the way into decorative patterns in the sculpture in the round shape, the Shang Dynasty sculpture form alone style significantly different from the prehistoric sculpture. It is extolled as the most beautiful bronze of the East and the national treasure.  Chinese bronze sculpture Arts Festival and China Jiaxiang Qing bronze Arts Festival.
China the (JIAXIANG) Bronze Sculpture Festival From 2004, the curtain of eternal Art Masterpiece, China bronze sculpture festival "as the theme of the Bronze Sculpture Festival opened Jiaxiang Qing bronze art development, the new target every year, every year, new achievements, and strive to cultural and creative into a bronze sculpture products to further expand the cultural connotation of the bronze sculpture industry, and promote a bronze sculpture by leaps and bounds of the cultural industries. Mr. Guo Moruo once described the bronze “a symbol of the spirit of the times”. Jiaxiang Qing bronze culture plaza filled with a mix of different styles of bronze sculptures, both from the the Jiaxiang craftsmen of the finest creations, but also from other famous bronze sculpture hometown of works of outstanding quality.
 An array of odd bronze of different materials, a variety of processing equipment. a bronze sculpture of the feast was laid out in Jiaxiang. 2004 China (JIAXIANG) Bronze Sculpture Festival in one soil into Jiaxiang "large-scale theatrical performances kicked off Thailand Zeng clan choir, a" China - home to sing the Chinese nation blood cohesion excited profound Vu Thi tombs carved bronze, International Bronze Sculpture Avenue stretches rhyme, the interpretation of the bronze sculpture of modern fashion boutique, unique folk performances, multi-angle, deep-level shows the charm and meaning of Jiaxiang culture. China the (JIAXIANG) Bronze Sculpture Festival 2005 "into Jiaxiang, happiness and good" as the theme, planning and organizing a bronze sculpture art seminars, Zeng the hometown OK - good luck tour, the odd bronze Expo Strait celebrity paintings exchange. Other than casting sacrificial bronze dragon, the practical ones became popular.